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>>Alfa Romeo 75

Alfa Romeo 75




Alfa Romeo 75 / Milano
1988 Alfa Romeo Milano Oro (Gold)
1988 Alfa Romeo Milano Gold (US model)
ManufacturerAlfa Romeo
Production1985-1992
AssemblyArese, Milan, Italy
PredecessorAlfa Romeo Giulietta (nuova)
SuccessorAlfa Romeo 155
ClassCompact executive car
Body style4-door saloon
LayoutFR layout
EnginePetrol:
1.6 L straight-4
1.8 L straight-4
1.8 L straight-4 turbo
2.0 L straight-4
2.5 V6
3.0 V6
Diesel:
2.0 L straight-4 turbodiesel
2.4 L straight-4 turbodiesel
Transmission5-speed manual
3-speed automatic
Wheelbase2,510 mm (98.8 in)
Length4,331 mm (170.5 in)
Width1,631 mm (64.2 in)
Height1,349 mm (53.1 in)
Curb weight1,100–1,300 kg (2,400–2,900 lb)
RelatedAlfa Romeo Alfetta Saloon
Alfa Romeo GTV6
Alfa Romeo SZ
DesignerErmanno Cressoni at Centro Stile Alfa Romeo 
The Alfa Romeo 75, sold in North America as the Milano, was a compact sports saloon /compact executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1985 and 1992. The 75 was commercially quite successful; in just three years, 236,907 cars were produced and by the end of production in 1992, around 386,767 had been built.
The Alfa Romeo 75 was the last model that the manufacturer developed before being acquired by Fiat.

Overview

The 75 was introduced in May 1985 to replace the Giulietta (with which it shared many components), and was named to celebrate Alfa's 75th year of production. The body, designed by head of Alfa Romeo Centro Stile Ermanno Cressoni, was styled in a striking wedge shape, tapering at the front with square headlights and a matching grille (similar features were applied to the Cressoni-designed 33).
At the 1986 Turin Auto Salon, a prototype 75 estate was to be seen, an attractive forerunner of the later 156 Sportwagon. This version was, however, never listed for sale, being cancelled after Fiat took control of Alfa Romeo. The car, dubbed the 75 Turbo Wagon, was made by Italian coachbuilder Rayton Fissore using a 75 Turbo as the basis.Two estate versions were to be found at the later 1987 Geneva Motor Show; one was this Turbo Wagon and the other was a 2.0 litre version named the Sportwagon.

Technical features

The 75 featured some unusual technical features, most notably the fact that it was almost perfectly balanced from front to rear.This was achieved by using transaxle schema — mounting the standard five-speed gearbox in the rear connected to the rear differential(rear-wheel drive). The front suspension was a torsion bar and shock absorber combination and the rear an expensive de Dion tube assembled with shock absorbers; these designs were intended to optimize the car's handling; moreover the rear brake discs were fitted at the centre of the rear axle, near the gearbox-differential group. The engine crankshaft was bolted directly to the two-segment driveshaft which ran the length of the underside from the engine block to the gearbox, and rotated at the speed of the engine. The shaft segments were joined with elastomeric 'doughnuts' to prevent vibration and engine/gearbox damage. The 2.0 L Twin Spark and the 3.0 Litre V6 were equipped with limited slip differential.
The 75 featured a then advanced dashboard-mounted diagnostic computer, called Alfa Romeo Control, capable of monitoring the engine systems and alerting the drivers of potential faults.
The 75 engine range at launch featured four-cylinder 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre petrol carbureted engines, a 2.0 litre intercooled turbodiesel made by VM Motori, and a 2.5 litre fuel injected V6. In 1986 was introduced 75 Turbo, which featured fuel injected 1779 cc twin cam engine using Garrett T3 turbocharger, intercooler and oil cooler.

US-market Milano Quadrifoglio Verde, with the 3-litre V6

Rear view of Alfa Romeo 75
In 1987, a 3.0 litre V6 was added to the range and the 2.0 L Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine was redesigned to have now two spark plugs per cylinder, the engine was named as Twin Spark. With fuel injection and variable valve timing this engine produced 148 PS (109 kW; 146 hp). This engine arguably founded modern engines of today as it was the first production engine to use variable valve timing. In North America, where the car was known as the Milano, only the 2.5 and 3.0 V6s were available, from 1987 to 1989.
The North American 2.5-litres were fundamentally different from their European counterparts. Due to federal regulations, some modifications were required. Most noticeable from the outside were the 'America' bumpers, with the typical rubber accordions in them. Furthermore, these bumpers had thick (and heavy) shock-absorbing material inside them and in addition, they were mounted to the vehicle on shock absorbers. To accommodate these shock absorbers, the 'America'-bodies were slightly different from the European ones. Other changes relative to the European model were:
  • A 67-litre fuel tank which was located behind the rear seats, reducing the boot capacity from 500 L (18 cu ft) to 300 L (11 cu ft).
  • Side-markers in the bumpers
  • Exhaust silencer sticking out from under the bumper at the r/h side of the vehicle instead of the centre
  • Reinforcements in the doors and boot lid
  • Hooks underneath the bonnet, to keep the bonnet in position in a crash
The North American cars also had different equipment levels (depending on the version: Milano Silver, Milano Gold or Milano Platinum). L/h and r/h electrically adjustable outside mirrors, electrically reclining seats and cruise control were usually optional in Europe. The car was also available with a 3-speed ZF automatic gearbox option for the 2.5 V6. Other, more common options such as electrically operated rear windows and an A/C system were standard in the USA. The USA-cars also had different upholstery styles and of course different dashboard panels also indicating speed in mph, oil pressure in psi and coolant temperature in degrees F, and as a final touch the AR control was different, including a seat belt warning light.
The European-spec 2.5 V6 (2.5 6V Iniezione or 2.5QV) was officially sold only between 1985 and 1987, although some of them were not registered until 1989. Relatively few of them were sold (about 2800 units), especially when the 155 PS (114 kW; 153 hp) 1.8 Turbo got launched, which in some countries was cheaper in taxes because of its lower displacement. To create a bigger space between the V6 and the inline fours, the 2.5 was bored out to 2959 cc's to deliver 188 PS (138 kW; 185 hp) and this new engine was introduced as the 3.0 America in 1987. As its type designation suggests, the 3.0 only came in the US-specification, with the impact-bumpers and in-boot fuel tank. However, the European 'America's' were not equipped with side-markers or the door, bonnet and boot lid fortifications. Depending on the country of delivery, the 3.0 America could be equipped with a catalytic converter.
In 1988 engines were updated again, the 1.8 L carburetor version was replaced with fuel injected 1.8 i.e and new bigger diesel engine was added to the range. In the end of 1989 the 1.6 L carburetor version was updated to have fuel injection and 1990 the 1.8 L turbo and 3.0i V6 got some more power and updated suspension. The 3.0 V6 was now equipped with a Motronic system instead of an L-Jetronic. The 1.8L turbo was now also available in 'America'-spec, but strangely enough not available for the USA market. The 3.0 V6 did make it to the United States, and was sold as Milano Verde.

Turbo Evoluzione


Front of the Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo Evoluzione.

Alfa Romeo 75 2.0 with Turbo Evoluzione-style wingkit
500 examples of the Turbo Evoluzione were produced in spring 1987 to meet Group A requirements. The car had many modifications compared to the normal turbo model. The engine was down-sleeved to 1,762 cc (normally 1,779 cc) and while the claimed power is the same as in the standard turbo, this engine is better suited for power upgrades than the standard 75 Turbo engine.

Engines


Last facelift version 75 (Italy)
  • Launch, May 1985
    • 1.6 (1,570 cc) Carb with 110 PS (81 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 146 N·m (108 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm
    • 1.8 (1,779 cc) Carb with 120 PS (88 kW) at 5,300 rpm and 170 N·m (125 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm
    • 2.0 (1,962 cc) Carb with 128 PS (94 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 183 N·m (135 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm
    • 2.0 (1,995 cc) TD with 95 PS (70 kW) at 4,300 rpm and 192 N·m (142 ft·lbf) at 2,300 rpm (left hand drive markets only).
    • 2.5 (2,492 cc) Injected V6 with 156 PS (115 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 206 N·m (152 ft·lbf) at 3,200 rpm
  • 1986
    • 1.8 (1,779 cc) Injected Turbo 155 PS (114 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 226 N·m (167 ft·lbf) at 2,600 rpm
  • 1987
    • 2.0 (1,962 cc) TS with 148 PS (109 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 186 N·m (137 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm (upgrade of existing 2.0 engine)
    • 3.0 (2,959 cc) V6 with 188 PS (138 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 250 N·m (184 ft·lbf) at 3,000 rpm (in North American market "Milano Verde" only)
  • 1988
    • 1.6 catalytic with 105 PS (77 kW) at 6,000 rpm
    • 1.8 i.e with 122 PS (90 kW) at 5,500 rpm and 157 N·m (116 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm (replacing existing 1.8)
    • 2.4 (2,393 cc) TD with 112 PS (82 kW) at 4,200 rpm and 235 N·m (173 ft·lbf) at 2,400 rpm
    • 3.0 V6 AMERICA catalytic with 188 PS (138 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 250 N·m (184 ft·lbf) at 3,000 rpm (Europe market only)
  • 1990
    • 1.6 i.e with 107 PS (79 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 137 N·m (101 ft·lbf) at 4,000 rpm
    • 1.8 Turbo Quadrifoglio Verde with 165 PS (121 kW) at 5,800 rpm
    • 2.0 TS catalytic with 148 PS (109 kW) at 5,800 rpm (replacing existing 2.0)
    • 3.0 V6 QV, now 192 PS (141 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 250 N·m (184 ft·lbf) at 3,000 rpm (replacing the existing 3.0, this motor from the 164 featuring a Motronic system as opposed to the earlier L-Jetronic. This model was known as the "Potenziata")

Motorsports


Michael Kopf with Alfa 75 Turbo in Nürburgring 1986 DTM.
Alfa Romeo and its racing department Alfa Corse raced the 75 Turbo Group A in the World Touring Car Championship in 1987 season. Team drivers included such names as Nicola Larini, Gabriele Tarquini, Sandro Nannini, Jacques Laffite and Mario Andretti. With no success and the whole season being a farce Alfa Romeo left the series before the overseas races.
Former Australian Touring Car Champion Colin Bond ran a Caltex sponsored Alfa Romeo 75 in the 1987 Australian Touring Car Championship to replace the GTV6 he ran from 1984 to 1986. Bond finished a distant 9th place in the championship. He also drove the end of season endurance races which included the Bathurst round of the WTCC. After qualifying 21st co-driver Lucio Cesario destroyed the front of the 75 in a crash at the top of the mountain on lap 34 of the race which forced the cars withdrawal from the Calder Park and Wellington rounds of the WTCC. The car was repaired in time for the Australian Grand Prix support races where Bond qualified a fine second and finished 5th in the race in the cars 'down under' swansong.
Gianfranco Brancatelli won the 1988 ITC serie with Alfa 75 Turbo and Giorgio Francia placed second in the 1991 ITC. The 9th Giro d'Italia in 1988 was won by the team of Miki Biasion, Tiziano Siviero and Riccardo Patrese with a 75 Turbo Evoluzione IMSA.
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