Ford Falcon (North America)
 | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Motor Company |
|---|---|
| Production | 1960–1970 |
| Successor | Ford Maverick |
| Class | Compact |
| Layout | FR layout |
The Ford Falcon was an automobile produced by Ford Motor Company from 1960 to 1970. It was a huge sales success for Ford initially, handily outselling rival compacts from Chrysler and General Motors introduced at the same time. During its lifespan, the Falcon was offered in a wide range of body styles: two-door and four-door sedans, two-door and four-door station wagons, two-door hardtops, convertibles, a sedan delivery and the Ranchero pickup. For several years, the Falcon name was also used on passenger versions of the Ford Econoline van. Variations of the Ford Falcon were manufactured in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile and Mexico.
History
Edsel Ford first used the term "Falcon" for a more luxurious Ford he designed in 1935. He decided the new car did not fit with Ford's other offerings, so this design eventually became the Mercury.
Historically, the "Big Three" auto manufacturers (GM, Ford and Chrysler), focused purely on the larger and more profitable vehicles in the US and Canadian markets. Towards the end of the 1950s, all three manufacturers realized that this strategy would no longer work. Large automobiles were becoming increasingly expensive thanks to wage inflation, making smaller European cars such as Volkswagens increasingly attractive. Furthermore, many American families were now in the market for a second car, and market research showed that women especially thought that the full-size car had grown too large and cumbersome. At the same time, that research showed that many buyers would prefer to buy US or Canadian if the domestic manufacturers offered a smaller, cheaper car. Thus, all three introduced compact cars: the Valiant from Chrysler (becoming the Plymouth Valiant in 1961), the rear-engined Chevrolet Corvair, and the Ford Falcon. Competition also came from smaller Studebaker, with the Lark, and AMC with its Rambler.
The project to produce a compact sedan at Ford, which later became Falcon, was started and sponsored by Robert S. McNamara who was then the General Manager of Ford Division. He commissioned a team to create what by American standards of the time a small car, but elsewhere in the world would be considered a mid-size car. McNamara, who was promoted to Group Vice President of Cars and Trucks by the time Falcon was launched, was intimately involved in every stage of the development, insisting on keeping the costs and weight of the car as low as possible. With room for six passengers in reasonable comfort, to keep the price down, engineer Harley Coppde signed a unibody, keeping suspension standard and sourced from Ford's existing parts bin. This allowed for improvements in build quality while keeping reliability and affordability high. The Australian iteration of the Falcon was the most successful and enduring.
First Generation 1960–1963
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| Production | 1960–1963 |
|---|---|
| Assembly | Oakville, Ontario, Canada Claycomo, Missouri San Jose, California Cuautitlán, Mexico Campbellfield, Victoria, Australia Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Body style | 2-door sedan 4-door sedan 3-door station wagon 5-door station wagon 2-door hardtop 2-door convertible 2-door coupe utility 2-door sedan delivery |
| Engine | 144 cu in (2.4 L) 85 hp I6 170 cu in (2.8 L) 101 hp I6 260 cu in (4.3 L) V8 |
| Transmission | 2-speed automatic 3-speed manual 4-speed manual |
| Length | 181 in (4,597 mm) |
| Width | 70.1 in (1,781 mm) |
| Height | 54.4 in (1,382 mm) |
| Related | Ford Falcon Ranchero Mercury Comet Ford Frontenac Ford Falcon Van |
By American standards of the 1960s, the Falcon was a small car, but elsewhere it would be considered a mid-size car. It was powered by a small, lightweight 90 hp (67 kW), 144 CID (2.4 L) straight-6 with a single-barrel carburetor. Construction was unibody, and suspension was fairly standard; coil springs in front, leaf springs in the rear. Drum brakes were used at the front and rear wheels. Front suspension was independent with coil springs.A three-speed manual column shift was standard with the two-speed Ford-O-Matic automatic optionally available . There was room for six passengers in reasonable comfort in the simple interior.Body styles available from the launch year were two- and four-door sedans, two- or four-door station wagons, and the Ranchero car-based pickup, transferred onto the Falcon platform for 1960 from the Fairlane. A Mercury derivative, the Mercury Comet, originally intended for the defunct Edsel marque, was launched in the US midway through the 1960 model year.
The market shift which spurred the development of the Falcon and its competitors also precipitated the demise of several well-established marques in the late-1950s and early-1960s. Besides the infamous tale of the Edsel, the Nash, Hudson, DeSoto and Packard nameplates all disappeared from the marketplace.
In 1960, Ford's Canadian subsidiary introduced the Falcon-based Frontenac. It was designed to give Mercury-Meteor dealers a smaller model to sell, since the Comet was originally intended as an Edsel, which was sold by Ford-Monarch dealers. Produced for the 1960 model year only, the Frontenac was essentially a rebadged 1960 Falcon with its own unique grille, tail lights and external trim, including red maple leaf insignia. Despite strong sales (5% of Ford's total Canadian output), the Frontenac was discontinued and replaced by the Mercury Comet for 1961.
Robert McNamara, a Ford executive who became Ford's president briefly before being offered the job of U.S. Defense Secretary, is regarded by many as "the father of the Falcon". McNamara left Ford shortly after the Falcon's introduction, but his faith in the concept was vindicated with record sales; over half a million sold in the first year and over a million sold by the end of the second year.
The 1961 model year introduced an optional 101 hp, 170 CID (2.8 L) six, and two new models were introduced; a bucket-seat and console sedan model in a higher trim level called the Futura, and a sedan delivery. Also, the Ford Falcon brochure featured Charlie Brown and Lucy from the Peanuts comic strip. They stayed until 1965.
Ford boasted of the good fuel economy achieved by the six-cylinder Ford Falcon models in advertising. The fuel economy was good, a claimed 30mpg, compared to other American cars at the time.
The 1962 model year saw a Squire model of the four-door station wagon with faux wood trim on the sides. The bucket seat "Futura" model was offered with a slightly upgraded interior, factory installed safety belts, different side trim (spears), and different emblems. Halfway through the model year, Ford changed the roof line at the back window to more of a Thunderbird design and offered a 4-speed transmission for the first time. The 2-door Futura sedan (also referred to as an 'illusion hardtop' because of the chrome trim around the side window opening) sported a flat rear window in place of the panoramic (wrap-around) window on earlier models to bring its design in line with other Ford cars of the era. In 1962, Ford introduced the Ford Falcon Club Wagon and Deluxe Club Wagon, a 8-passenger, flat-front, van. Ford also promoted that in a Mobilegas economy run, the Falcon got 32.5mpg.
In 1963, even more models were available. There was now a 4-door Futura and a Deluxe wagon. Later, convertibles and then hardtops, and the new "Sprint" model were introduced. Halfway through the model year (February 1963), the Fairlane's 164 hp "Challenger" 260 CID (4.3 L) V8 engine was offered for the first time. The Falcon was climbing in trim level from its budget beginnings, as Ford attempted to wring more profit from the line.
Second Generation 1964–1965
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| Production | 1964–1965 |
|---|---|
| Assembly | Claycomo, Missouri Cuautitlán, Mexico |
| Body style | 2-door coupe 4-door sedan 3-door station wagon 5-door station wagon 2-door hardtop 2-door convertible 2-door coupe utility 2-door sedan delivery |
| Engine | 144 cu in (2.4 L) Thriftpower I6 170 cu in (2.8 L) Thriftpower I6 200 cu in (3.3 L) Thriftpower I6 260 cu in (4.3 L) Windsor V8 289 cu in (4.7 L) Windsor V8 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic 3-speed manual 4-speed manual 2-speed automatic (ford-o-matic) |
| Wheelbase | 109.5 in (2,781 mm) |
| Length | 181.6 in (4,613 mm) |
| Width | 71.6 in (1,819 mm) |
| Related | Ford Econoline Ford Falcon Ranchero Mercury Comet Ford Mustang |
A redesign changed the Falcon's looks for 1964. The new look was more squared-off, more modern, as Ford pursued the youth market. Later in 1964, Ford's new offering for that market was launched: the Ford Mustang, based heavily on the Falcon's unitized frame design but with no compromises about its youthful, fun intention. For the 1964 year Ford added a Sprint Package which gave the Falcon the 260 V8, a stiffer suspension, and a louder exhaust. Because the Mustang had the same options that the Sprint had for only a small amount more the Sprint never caught on. Even with the addition of the 289 V8 in late 64 the Sprint was overshadowed by the Mustang, and was discontinued after 1965. The Mustang dealt Falcon sales in North America a blow from which they would never recover. Front suspension was coil springs pivot-mounted on upper arms plus double-acting absorbers. Production ended on June 26 of 1965 for convertible Falcons. A padded instrument panel, seat belts, power steering, power brakes, a radio, a remote-control trunk release and a parking brake warning light were optional.
From 1965, the three-speed Cruise-O-Matic automatic transmission was available. Front seat-belts were standard.
Third Generation 1966–1970
 | |
| Production | 1966–1970 |
|---|---|
| Assembly | Claycomo, Missouri Cuautitlán, Mexico Campbellfield, Victoria, Australia |
| Body style | 2-door coupe 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
| Engine | 144 cu in (2.4 L) Thriftpower I6 170 cu in (2.8 L) Thriftpower I6 200 cu in (3.3 L) 120 hp (89 kW)Thriftpower I6 260 cu in (4.3 L) Windsor V8 289 cu in (4.7 L) Windsor V8 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 |
| Wheelbase | 111 in (2,819 mm) |
| Length | 184.3 in (4,681 mm) |
| Width | 73.2 in (1,859 mm) |
| Related | Ford Econoline Ford Ranchero Ford Fairlane Mercury Comet Ford Mustang |
The Falcon received another redesign for 1966, with a long-hood/short-deck look much in the Mustang vein. This body was based on a shortened Fairlane platform with different body sheet metal. The heater-defroster became standard. Brakes were 9" for 6-cylinder Falcon, and 10" for V8's. The two-door Hardtop and Convertible were dropped, while the Station Wagon and Ranchero were moved to a larger platform shared with the contemporary Fairlane. The Ranchero would leave the Falcon line and adopt the Fairlane's front sheet metal for 1967. The 1966 Falcon was used in the Trans-Am series. In 1967, a reminder light was added for the seatbelts. 1968 was the first year for the square taillights.
The final model year for the Falcon in North America was 1970. Continuing sales declines and the inability of the car to meet forthcoming safety standards resulted in a short run of 1970 models identical to the 1969 version being built through the end of December, 1969.
1970 1⁄2 Falcon
 1970½ Ford Falcon 2 Door Sedan | |
| Production | 1970 |
|---|---|
| Body style | 2-door sedan 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
| Engine | 250 cu in (4.1 L) I6 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 351 cu in (5.8 L) V8 429 cu in (7.0 L) V8 |
| Wheelbase | 117 in (3,000 mm) (sedan) 114 in (2,900 mm) (wagon) |
| Length | 206.2 in (5,240 mm) (sedans) 209 in (5,300 mm) (wagon) |
| Width | 76.7 in (1,950 mm) (2-door sedan), 76.4 in (1,940 mm) (4-door sedan) 75.4 in (1,920 mm) (wagon) |
| Height | 52.3 in (1,330 mm) (2-door sedan), 53.1 in (1,350 mm) (4-door sedan) 55.7 in (1,410 mm) (wagon) |
| Curb weight | 3,242 lb (1,471 kg) (2-door sedan), 3,258 lb (1,478 kg) (4-door sedan) 3,635 lb (1,649 kg) (wagon) |
| Related | Ford Fairlane |
On January 1, 1970, the Falcon name was transferred to a low priced version of the contemporary Ford Fairlane. The new model, which was a sub-series of the Fairlane series,was marketed as the "Falcon '70 1⁄2" and was available as a two-door sedan, four-door sedan, and four-door wagon.Despite the fact that the Maverick 2-door sedan had been released in April 1969 as a replacement for the soon to be discontinued "compact" Falcon 2-door, Ford went to the trouble of tooling up a unique 2-door sedan for the short '70 1⁄2 model run. While the number of luxury and convenience options available was limited, the car was available with the full range of Fairlane/Torino powertrains, ranging from the standard 250 cubic-inch six-cylinder and 302 cubic-inch V8 all the way to the 429 Cobra Jet V8.
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