วันศุกร์ที่ 6 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2551

>>Honda Mobilio

Honda Mobilio


Honda Mobilio
Manufacturer Honda
Production 2001-present
Class Mini MPV
Layout Front-engine design, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Engine(s) 1.5 L L15A i-DSI I4
1.5 L L15A VTEC I4
Transmission(s) CVT
Wheelbase 2750 mm (108.3 in)
Length 4060 mm (159.8 in)
Width 1690 mm (66.5 in)
Height 1730 mm (68.1 in)

The Honda Mobilio is a seven-seater mini MPV produced by Japanese automaker Honda for its domestic market since 2001. It is the second in Honda's Small Max series. It also takes Honda's Global Small Platform and their i-DSI engine. Among its features are scissor like doors that can open at three different angles for easier entry and exit in small spaces.

>>Honda Logo

Honda Logo


Honda Logo
Manufacturer Honda
Also called Honda Lachic
Production 1996—2001
Predecessor Honda City
Successor Honda Jazz
Class Supermini
Body style(s) 3- and 5-door hatchback
Related Honda HR-V

The Honda Logo is a supermini produced by the Japanese automaker Honda between 1996 and 2001. The Logo was available as a three-door and five-door hatchback. It was sold in the United Kingdom from 2000 until 2001. Sales were not strong, but the car did come top of a customer satisfaction survey in December 2001. The successor of the Logo is the Honda Jazz.

>>Honda Life Dunk

Honda Life Dunk


Honda Life Dunk
Image:Honda Life Dunk.jpg
Manufacturer Honda Motor Company
Production 2000-present

Honda Life Dunk is a Honda automobile released in Japan in December of 2000. It has a turbocharged engine.

In a 2004 article, Forbes magazine listed the Life Dunk, along with the Honda That's, as one of the weirdest car names.

>>Honda Acura Legend

Honda Acura Legend


Acura Legend
2nd-gen Acura Legend sedan
Manufacturer Honda
Also called Honda Legend
Production 1986–1995
Assembly Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Successor Acura RL
Class Mid-size luxury car
Body style(s) 2-door coupe
4-door sedan
Layout FF layout
First generation
First generation Acura Legend
Production 1986–1990
Engine(s) 2.5 L C25A V6
2.7 L C27A V6
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase Sedan: 108.7 in (2761 mm)
Coupe: 106.5 in (2705 mm)
Length 1986-88 Sedan: 189.4 in (4811 mm)
Coupe: 188 in (4775.2 mm)
1989-1990 Sedan: 190.6 in (4841 mm)
Width 1989-1990 Sedan: 68.9 in (1750 mm)
1986-88 Sedan: 68.3 in (1735 mm)
Coupe: 68.7 in (1745 mm)
Height Sedan: 54.7 in (1389 mm)
Coupe: 53.9 in (1369 mm)
Second generation
2nd-gen Acura Legend coupe
Production 1991–1995
Engine(s) 3.2 L C32A V6
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
6-speed manual
Wheelbase Coupe: 111.4 in (2830 mm)
Sedan: 114.6 in (2911 mm)
Length Sedan: 194.9 in (4950 mm)
Coupe: 192.5 in (4890 mm)
Width 71.3 in (1811 mm)
Height 1991-92 Coupe: 53.5 in (1359 mm)
Sedan: 55.1 in (1400 mm)
1993-95 Coupe: 53.7 in (1364 mm)
Acura Legend Coupe
Acura Legend Coupe

The Acura Legend, sold as the Honda Legend outside the U.S., Canada, and parts of China, was a sporty luxury vehicle sold from 1986 to 1995 as both a sedan and a coupe. It was one of the first vehicles sold under the Acura nameplate, and was the top-spec sedan under the Acura nameplate until being replaced in 1996 by the Acura RL (officially badged as the Acura 3.5RL). The 3.5RL was a rebadged version of the third generation Honda Legend.

First generation (1986-1990)

Honda introduced the model in 1985 in Japan to be their premier luxury model and in 1986 North America as the range-topping model in its then-new Acura lineup. The first generation Legend is notable for many technical innovations. The coupe was the first to be engineered using CAD (computer aided design). Sedan models came to market first, powered by a 151 hp (113 kW) 2.5 L C25A V6 with coupes appearing for 1987 powered by a new 161 hp (120 kW) 2.7 L C27A engine. Sedans received the new engine for 1988. Production of the first generation models ended in 1990 as a second generation version became available.

The Legend was indeed an impressive car receiving accolades from all sides, winning Car and Driver's Ten Best three years in a row and Motor Trend's "Import Car of the Year" for 1987. Legends were regarded for their impeccable fit and finish, incredible reliability, and good performance. Manual-equipped models could sprint to 60 mph (97 km/h) in under 8 seconds and reach a top speed of 135 mph (217 km/h). Sedan models had a coefficient of drag of .32, while coupes were only .30.

Technical highlights were numerous, featuring a 24-valve V6 engine, variable length intake manifold, double-wishbone suspension, 4-wheel disc brakes, air bag and an information system that could monitor maintenance intervals, fluid levels, and fuel economy.

In 1989, the sedan received some minor tweaks with new one-piece front headlamps, a new front bumper, a revised trunk lid, new tail lights, and new alloy wheels. Inside, a revised dash and seat cloth patterns is also noticeable. By that time all Legends came equipped with a driver airbag and 4-wheel anti-lock brakes. The high end LS models even featured a trip computer and electronic vehicle monitoring system in the center console as well as a Bose sound system.

For the 1990 model year, all Legends received body-colored side mirrors. The Legend coupes received a revised body-colored front grille, new red & clear tail lights, and improved front seats. LS model coupes also received a trunk-mounted lip spoiler. All LS model Legends received authentic burlwood interior trim for 1990 as well.

Second generation (1991-1995)

Second generation units became available for the 1991 model year, now using a 200 hp (150 kW) SOHC (C32A) engine mated to either a standard 5-speed manual or an optional 4-speed automatic. The second generation Legend was a larger, more streamlined-looking car (drag coefficients were actually higher at .34 for sedans and .32 for coupes). The Legend offered a host of features seen on luxury cars of today including speed-sensitive steering, hands-free telephone, automatic climate control, heated leather seats, heated mirrors, 4-wheel ABS disc brakes, seat belt pretensioners and soft-close vacuum-operated doors (coupes only).

For 1991 and 1992 the Legend sedan was available in Base, L, and LS trims; the coupe remained available in L and LS through its entire run. The higher-end LS cars added climate control, a power 4-way passenger seat, burled walnut interior trim, and body colored side moldings. Honda made significant upgrades for 1993, making a 230 hp (172 kW) "Type II" version of the SOHC C32A engine standard on the coupes, along with a 6-speed manual. The coupe with the 6-speed manual transmission ran the 1/4 mile in 15.4 seconds and 0-60 mph in 7.0 seconds. 1993 also saw the addition of dual airbags as standard equipment all trims, the deletion of the black molding on the entry level cars, and a new wheel design with fewer spokes on the sedans (16 spoke vs. 20 spoke).

In 1994, all Legends received new front bumpers, a new front grille (L&LS Sedans only), revised trunk lids, and a power tilt-telescoping steering column; the word "Legend" was now spelled out in individual letters on the back. The base sedan, 4DR STD transmission, was dropped, while a new GS sedan became the new top-line variant, sporting the 230 hp (172 kW) "Type II" engine, upgraded brakes from the coupe, sport suspension from the coupe, a body colored version of the 1991 to 1993 grille, the same standard 6-speed manual found on the coupes as well as the special 16" 5 spoke LS Coupe wheels (Better known as "GS Wheels"). Also in 1994, the LS version of the sedan lost the standard manual transmission, it was only available with an automatic transmission.

Added for 1995 was a limited-production SE sedan -- essentially a Legend L with a two-tone paint scheme, pre-1993 15" 7 spoke LS Coupe wheels, "Special Edition" floor mats, and automatic transmission.

Trivia

  • The 1st generation Legend shared its engine, transmission, some chassis and other parts with the Rover 800-series models, sold in the United States under the Sterling brand. The 1st generation of Legends was co-developed with Rover group and sold under the Rover name in the UK and France.
  • A 1st generation Legend appears in the Capcom arcade games Final Fight and Street Fighter II as an object to destroy during the bonus rounds.
  • The Japan Domestic Market version of the 1990 Legend (2nd generation) was the first vehicle offered with a navigation system, although it was not satellite-based and instead relied on accelerometers.
  • The "replacement" for the Legend sedan is sold as the Acura RL in North America, although Honda continues to sell it as the Legend in most other areas of the world.
  • The tooling and intellectual property rights of the second generation Legend were licensed to Daewoo Motors of South Korea, where a clone of the Legend sedan, called the Daewoo Arcadia, was produced from 1993 to 2000. During this period, Honda also held a small stake in Daewoo Motors.[1]

Awards

The Legend coupe was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1987. The coupe also made Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1988 through 1990.

>>Honda Integra

Honda Integra


Honda Integra
Third generation (US)
Manufacturer Honda
Also called Acura Integra
Production Flag of Japan1985–2007
Flag of the United States1986–2001
Flag of the United States2002–2006 (as Acura RSX)
Flag of Australia1985–2006
Assembly Sayama, Japan
Successor Flag of the United States & Flag of CanadaAcura RSX
Flag of CanadaAcura EL (for sedan)
Class Compact
Layout FF layout

The Honda Integra, a car sold as an Acura in North America and as a Honda elsewhere, was a sporty front-wheel drive vehicle sold both as a sedan and hatchback. In the Acura lineup it was the smallest, least expensive model, designed to offer a competitor to vehicles like the Volkswagen Golf GTI, which was the most well known and popular "hot hatch" of the 1990s when the Integra was introduced. Although a sedan was available for the first three generations of the Integra, it was dropped when the vehicle transitioned to its fourth generation "DC5" platform, sold as the RSX in North America. The Acura TSX now takes the Integra sedan's spot in the line up.

Under the Honda line up, the Integra was near the middle, slotting above smaller cars such as the Honda City, the Honda Civic, and the Honda Logo. The Honda Integra was considered to be mid-sized car by Japanese standards.

As of 2007, the fourth-generation Integra has been discontinued in North America and Australia, but is still sold in its home market of Japan.

First generation (1986–1989)

First generation
Acura Integra Hatchback
Production 1986-1989
Body style(s) 3-door hatchback
4-door sedan
5-door hatchback
Engine(s) 1.6 L I4
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 3-Door: 2450 mm (96.5 in)
Sedan: 2520 mm (99.2 in)
Length 3-Door: 4285 mm (168.7 in)
4355 mm (171.5 in)
Width 1665 mm (65.6 in)
Height 1290 mm (50.8 in)
Fuel capacity 13.2 US gallons (50.0 L/11.0 imp gal)
Related Honda Civic
Honda CR-X

The vehicle debuted in Japan in 1985 as the Honda Quint Integra before going on sale a year later in North America as part of the then-new Acura lineup. Three and five-door hatchback bodies were available, with a 1.6 L DOHC 16-valve four-cylinder engine powering all three. The engine was the vehicle's most publicized feature, as DOHC, multi-valve engines were anything but commonplace in entry-level models at the time. This model was also sold in Australia as the Rover 416i.

The Integra was based on the less-sporty Civic, although it featured a small list of key upgrades over its lesser stablemate to help merit a price increase over the CRX Si, which was otherwise the sportiest compact vehicle being offered by Honda/Acura; enlarged 4-wheel disc brakes replaced the small front-disc/rear-drum setup used by the Civic and CRX, suspension calibration was re-worked, better tires were used and a 113 hp DOHC fuel injected 16-valve engine was used in place of the SOHC unit from the CRX Si. Combined with sleeker styling and a nicer interior, buyers were effectively convinced that the Integra was worth the extra money, and nearly 228,000 units were sold during the four year run of the first generation model.

The first generation Integras actually came with two different engines. Although they shared the same engine code (D16A1), there were a few differences. The engine differed in the years 1986 to 1987 and 1988 to 1989. The two engines are commonly called the "Browntop" and "Blacktop" due to the color of their valve covers. The "browntop" came in 1986 and 1987 Integras while the "blacktop" came in 1988 and 1989 models. The improvements in the "blacktop" engine included lighter rods, domed pistons for slightly higher compression, and an electric advance distributor (the "browntop" came with a vacuum advance distributor). The overall gain in performance was about 5 hp (3.7 kW) for 118 hp (88.0 kW).

Honda Integra 5 door Hatchback:  First generation
Honda Integra 5 door Hatchback: First generation

The original Integra was not without its shortcomings though; despite having 113 hp (84.3 kW) and a reachable 7100 rpm redline, the new DOHC engine had little torque and needed to be wound up quite a bit to make full power, leading to criticism that the model wasn't well-suited for day to day driving on surface streets, but was better tuned for spirited driving down tight, windy roads.

Main competitors in the US included the Ford Probe, the aforementioned VW GTI, along with Honda's own Civic and CRX.

Second generation (1989–1993)

Second generation (DA)
1990 Acura Integra sedan
Production 1989–1993
Body style(s) 3-door hatchback
4-door sedan
Engine(s) 1.7 L I4
1.8 L I4
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase Hatchback: 2550 mm (100.4 in)
Sedan: 2600 mm (102.4 in)
Length Hatchback: 4390 mm (172.8 in)
Sedan: 4485 mm (176.6 in)
Width 1990: 1712 mm (67.4 in)
1991-93: 1715 mm (67.5 in)
Height 1990 Hatchback: 1325 mm (52.2 in)
1990 Sedan: 1340 mm (52.8 in)
1991-93 Hatchback: 1270 mm (50 in)
1991-93 Sedan: 1285 mm (50.6 in)
Fuel capacity 13.2 US gallons (50.0 L/11.0 imp gal)
Related Honda Civic
Honda CR-X
Honda CRX Del Sol
Rover 400
1992-1993 Acura Integra GS-R
1992-1993 Acura Integra GS-R

DA/DB2 (GSR Trim Level Only)

Acura debuted the second generation Integra in 1989, now powered by a new 1.8 L engine (B18A1) making 130 hp (140 hp 1992-1993), giving the model a necessary boost in performance. The three-door hatchback and 4-door sedan body styles continued to be available, but the 5-door hatchback was discontinued due to poor market reception.

Trim levels for 1989 and 1991 included the RS (base model), LS, and GS. The 1991 GS could also be had with a leather interior.

For 1992, Acura added the GS-R trim level (DB2 chassis code), powered by a stroked 1.7 L version of the very successful B16A engine, called the B17A1, which was only available in USDM (United States Domestic Market) models. It featured a VTEC system, as found in the then-new NSX, bumping output to 160 hp (119.3 kW). Other features exclusive to the GS-R include the charcoal grey cloth interior (leather as a rare option), body-colored trim and front lip, and the third brake light mounted in the spoiler. Sunroof, power everything, and 14 inch 6-spoke aluminum wheels came standard as well.

The 92-93 Acura Integra GSR is the rarest Integra to date because of its B17A engine, low production numbers, and unavailability in the used car market. This model Integra holds its retail value extremely well because of its rarity. The 92-93 USDM GSR was available in only three colors: red, white and black. The Canadian GSR's came in black, red and teal.

Other small updates came on to all trim levels in 1992, namely new front and rear bumpers, a new steering wheel, new taillights, new ECU, and chromed interior door handles.

The second generation was the last Integra to be sold without airbags in the United States. Motorized passive seat belts were used instead. Canada and the rest of the world got regular active seat belts.

This generation also saw Acura make a bit of a marketing shift. Prior to the 1991 model year, Acura had made a minor point of the supposed understated elegance of minimal exterior badging. Therefore, from 1986 to 1990, the only external clues to any Integra's identity came at the rear, where badges for "Acura" "Integra", and the trim level appeared. For the 1991 model year however, Acura's "A" logo appeared for the very first time on the front of the hood, as well as between the taillights. Every Integra made since then has had the "A" badges. 262,285 units were sold from 1990 to 1993.

Third generation (1994–2001)

Third generation (DC2/DC4/DB7/DB8)
3rd-gen Integra sedan
Production 1994–2001
Body style(s) 3-door hatchback
4-door sedan
Engine(s) 1.8 L I4
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (manual came with 2000rpm torque converter)
Wheelbase Hatchback: 2570 mm (101.2 in)
Sedan: 2620 mm (103.1 in)
Length Hatchback: 4380 mm (172.4 in)
1994-2001 Sedan: 4525 mm (178.1 in)
2000-01 GS-R Hatchback: 4425 mm (174.2 in)
Width 1710 mm (67.3 in)
1998-99 Type-R Hatchback: 1695 mm (66.7 in)
Height 1994-95 Hatchback: 1290 mm (50.8 in)
1994-96 Sedan: 1325 mm (52.2 in)
1996-99 Hatchback: 1335 mm (52.6 in)
1996-2001 Sedan: 1370 mm (53.9 in)
1998-99 Type-R: 1320 mm (52 in)
Fuel capacity 13.2 US gallons (50.0 L/11.0 imp gal)
Related Honda Civic
Honda CR-V
Honda CRX Del Sol

DC2/DC4/DB7/DB8 Integra (1994–1997)

Honda debuted the third generation model in 1993 in Japan. Acura followed in 1994. It had an unusual four headlight front end design which was dubbed "bug eyes" by some enthusiasts. Standard power from the B18B1 engine increased to 142 hp (105.9 kW), and the GS-R received the B18C1 engine, equipped with a dual-stage intake manifold and a displacement increase (from the first generation integra) from 1.7 liters to 1.8 liters, bringing power up to 170 hp (126.8 kW).

In 1998, Honda redesigned the Integra when the new Integra Type-R was released. In Japan the redesign had two more conventional looking headlights as the bug eye look had proven unpopular, outside Japan it had a slightly revised version of the four headlight front.

A Type R model was added for the 1995 model year in Japan and in 1998 in other markets, powered by a highly tuned, hand-finished variant of the GS-R's engine. The B18C5 (B18C1 for USDM) equipped Type-R produced 195 hp (145.4 kW). Although impressive RPM, the Type R was still hampered by some criticism; its maximum torque output of only 130 ft·lbf at 7000 rpm meant that the engine would perform best from 5700 rpm up to the 8400 rpm redline. Although the engine's "split personality" and unusually high capability to rev made it popular among hardcore enthusiasts, it cost the vehicle points in comparison tests where drivers noted that the vehicle was too hard-edged, loud and rev-hungry to be an easy daily driver.

Third-generation Mid-Model Change (1998–2001)

Despite some popular demand for an Integra re-design for 1998, Honda chose to give the third generation model a slight facelift and re-release it. The 1998 Integra had slightly larger headlights, a more aggressive front bumper, all-red taillights, and a revised rear bumper. There were also some minor cosmetic changes to the interior, and small revisions to the electrical and mechanical components. The GS-R edition received 6-spoke "blade" style wheels as a stylistic change. Once again, the Type-R saw a limited release in the US. During this facelift, the sedan was not sold in Canada after 1997, replaced by the Acura EL, a rebadged JDM Honda Domani.

It is easy to quickly differentiate a 1998-2001 Integra from an older model in which the headlights are set slightly deeper within their respective cavities. With the 1998 model, the headlights became flush with the shape of the bumper, completely filling the cavities. These models are still popular among racing enthusiasts all around the continental US and Puerto Rico. For 1999, Honda also manufactured the more affordable GS,LS, and SE trim levels. The RS was no longer available. All models, (Excluding the GS-R and Type R) came out sporting a B18B1 Honda engine with a five speed manual transmission or its automatic version. SE was made as a Special Edition Integra, equipped with a rectangular emblem on the exterior right side of the car's rear that read: "Special Edition". The special edition is also the same as the LS,RS,GS model with the B18B1 engine instead of the GS-R's B18C1.

As far as the Integra engine goes, the high revving VTEC powered engines like the B16, B18C1 and the B18C5, are respected in the street car enthusiasts circle. Most Honda enthusiasts prefer the VTEC engines but in an increasing race sub-culture, the non-VTEC engines are getting noted. The non-VTEC engines like B18B1 or the B18A1 are 1.8L, 1834cc's. They are a popular choice for forced induction because they have lower compression making them more suitable for high boost applications.

The Acura Integra was recently cataloged as one of the most thief-friendly cars in America. The Acura Integra featured six times in the top ten list, the 1998 model being the thieves' favourite.

Type R Trim Level and GSR(1996–2001 Excluding 1999)

A 1998 JDM Honda Integra Type R
A 1998 JDM Honda Integra Type R

The Type R was the pinnacle of the Integra line. It had many exclusive features found on no other Integra. This trim of the Integra only had a 5 speed manual transmission as standard. The Type-R also came with exterior side skirts, a front lip, and a functional rear spoiler known as the "OEM optional kit" (spoiler not included). The interior has red stitching on the arm rest and shift knob, and faux carbon fiber for cup holders, climate control, window switches' backings, and the shifter plate.

The Type R's B18C5 engine contained more key differences than just some manual assembly steps and an increased redline. The B16A's cylinder head returned, with differently shaped combustion chambers and intake ports compared to the regular B18C in the GS-R. Molybdenum-coated, high compression pistons and stronger-but-lighter connecting rods strengthened the reciprocating assembly. Extra counterweighting on the crankshaft altered its vibration modes to enhance durability at high RPM. The intake valves were reshaped with a thinner stem and crown that reduced weight and improved flow. The intake ports were given a minor port and polish. Stiffer valve springs resisted float on more aggressive camshafts. Intake air was now drawn from inside the fender well, for a colder, denser charge. That intake fed a short-runner intake manifold with a larger throttle body for better breathing. An improved stainless steel exhaust collector with more gentle merge angles, a change to a larger, consistent piping diameter, flared internal piping in the muffler allowed easier exit of gases. A retuned engine computer also contributed to improved power output, which allowed the Type R to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (100 km/h) in 7.2 seconds.

The transmission was upgraded with lower and closer gear ratios in second through fifth gears, in order to take advantage of the additional rev range. The North American version retained the same 4.4 final drive throughout the Type R's production run, unlike the Japanese version, which in 1998 changed to a 4.785 final drive along with revised gearing. The Type R's open differential was replaced with a torque-sensing limited slip type.

The chassis received enhancements in the form of reinforcements to the rear wheel wells, roof rail, and other key areas. "Performance rods", chassis braces that were bolted in place, were added to the rear trunk wall and subframe. The front strut tower bar was replaced with a stronger aluminum piece, and the R also received the addition of a rear strut tower bar. Camber rigidity was improved at the rear by increasing wheel bearing span by 10 mm. The Type R's body also received a new functional rear spoiler, body-colored rocker panels and front lip, and 5-bolt hubs with special lightweight Type-R wheels. Under those wheels was a much larger set of disc brakes, front and back. The tires were upgraded to Bridgestone RE010 "summer" tires.

The Type R received very aggressive tuning in its suspension settings. All soft rubber bushings were replaced with much stiffer versions, as much as 5.3 times higher in durometer readings. The springs and dampers were much stiffer, with a 10 mm (0.4 in) reduction in ride height. The rear anti-roll bar diameter was increased to 22 mm (0.9 in) in diameter. The front anti-roll bar retained the same size, although the end links were changed to a more responsive sealed ball joint as opposed to a rubber bushing on the lesser models. The result was a chassis with very responsive, racetrack-ready handling that ably absorbed mid-corner bumps. Mild oversteer was easy to induce with a lift of the throttle, and during steady-state cornering the car maintained a slight tail-out stance.

The interior was stripped down to reduce weight. The air conditioning system was removed in early models and nearly all the sound-dampening material was eliminated. This provided for a much noisier ride, but since the Type-R was marketed as a race car for the street, most owners didn't mind. The seats were also unique to the Type-R. Standard were weight saving Recaro racing seats.

Integra SJ

The Integra SJ (standing for "Sedan Joyful") was a rebadged Civic Ferio, with modified headlamps and grille similar to the Orthia's and slightly larger rear lights. It was made from 1996 to 2001, and used the 1493 cc D15B engine. Honda's press material of the time indicated that the SJ was intended to provide a "formal sedan" for the Integra range; another reason may have been to sell Ferios using a more upmarket model name, as was the case with the Nissan Laurel Spirit. In Thailand, the Integra SJ was sold as the Isuzu Vertex, last passenger car ever for that market. (This followed Isuzu's practice of selling Honda models as Isuzus which started with the Gemini; while Honda also selling Isuzu's sport utility vehicles in Japan and North America, and pickup truck in Thailand.)

301,103 Integras were sold from 1994 to 2001.

Fourth generation (2002-2006)

Fourth generation (DC5)
4th-gen Integra sedan
Production 2002-2007
Body style(s) 2-door Coupe
Engine(s) 2.0L I4
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2-Door: 2350 mm
Length 2-Door: 172.2 in (4374 mm)
Width 67.9 in (1725 mm)
Height 2002-04: 55.1 in (1400 mm)
2005-06: 54.9 in (1394 mm)
Fuel capacity 13.2 US gallons (50L)
Related Acura RSX


DC5 Integra

The fourth generation Integra, produced from 2002 on, was renamed the Acura RSX for the United States, Canada and Hong Kong in accordance with Acura's new alphabetical naming scheme. It also had an entirely new engine, the K-series. The RSX was still sold as a Honda Integra in Japan and Australia, markets where Acura did not exist.

2006 marked the final model year for the RSX, and in May 2006, Honda discontinued the RSX. As of May 2007, the Honda Integra is still offered for sale in Japan, but was discontinued for sale in Australia, its other market.

Integra Sedan

While the DC5 Hatchback model filled in the next generation for the Integra, the TSX was eventually released in 2003 as a 2004 model, filling the gap for the missing four-door, entry-level sedan. In other markets, the car is badged as a Honda Accord Euro.

Awards

The Integra was on Car and Driver magazine's annual Ten Best list six times, in 1987, 1988, and 1994 through 1997. The GS-R model was called out specifically in 1994 and 1995. It made a return on the Ten Best as the Acura RSX, for 2002 and 2003. The Integra Type-R (DC2) was named as the best front-wheel-drive drivers' car ever by Evo Magazine in 2006.

วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 5 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2551

>>Honda Inspire

Honda Inspire


Honda Inspire
2007 Honda Inspire
Manufacturer Honda
Also called Acura TL (1995-2002)
Honda Accord (2003-present)
Production 1990—
Class Mid-size
Body style(s) 4-door sedan
Related Acura TL

The Honda Inspire is a luxury sedan introduced by Honda in 1990 and based on the Honda Accord chassis.

Acura Vigor/TL

The first Inspire debuted in 1990 as the Accord Inspire, a sister nameplate to the Honda Vigor, then exported to the US as the Acura Vigor. They were the same car headed for different retail channels in Japan. This Vigor was a departure in itself; whereas 1980s Vigors were badge-engineered Accords, from this generation on the Vigor moved upmarket and received its own platform, in which the engine sits longitudinally like the Generation II Acura Legend. In Japan there would be four sedans between the Civic and the Legend: the Honda Accord and Honda Ascot with 4-cylinder engines mounted transversely, and the Vigor and Inspire with 5-cylinder engines mounted longitudinally.

In 1995 the Inspire was replaced by a new model, exported to the US as the Acura TL, while the Vigor nameplate was dropped altogether. The longitudinal engine layout remained, but a 3.2-liter V6 became available for the first time.

In 1999 these cars were replaced by a new TL that was based on the Accord platform, and largely designed and engineered in the US by Honda R&D Americas, Inc. in Raymond, Ohio. Manufactured in the US, these were imported into Japan as the new Inspire and Saber.

Honda Accord

In June 2003, a new Inspire was introduced in Japan. This car is not the Acura TL that was redesigned at the same time, rather, it was the redesigned North American Accord. This Inspire marks the first time Honda introduced a variable displacement engine in Japan.

In October 2005, a freshened Inspire with new headlights, new taillights, revised interior and new colors arrived in the market. The Inspire targets the Teana from Nissan, the Mark X from Toyota and numerous other luxurious cars from Japan.

In October 2007, the newest generation of the Inspire was previewed at the Tokyo Auto Show. It is essentially a rebadged 2008 USDM Accord with minor exterior and interior modifications.

>>Honda Insight

Honda Insight


Honda Insight
Honda Insight
Manufacturer Honda
Production 1999–2006
Assembly Suzuka, Mie, Japan
Class Subcompact
Body style(s) 2-door hatchback
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Engine(s) Gasoline: 0.995 L lean-burn I3 12-valve SOHC
Electric: 144 volt 10 kW
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
Continuously variable transmission
Wheelbase 2400 mm (94.5 in)
Length 3945 mm (155.3 in)
Width 1695 mm (66.7 in)
Height 1355 mm (53.3 in)
Curb weight Manual w/o AC 838 kg (1847 lb)
Manual w/ AC 852 kg (1878 lb)
CVT w/ AC 891 kg (1964 lb)

The Honda Insight is a two-seater hybrid automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Honda.

The Insight was the first mass-produced hybrid automobile sold in the United States, introduced in 1999.At its height, it achieved nearly 70 miles per gallon (3.4 L per 100 km). (In Japan, the first generation of the Toyota Prius was launched in 1997.) According to the EPA, the 5-speed manual transmission variant of the Insight was the most fuel-efficient mass-produced automobile sold in the United States. The Insight also features low emissions: the California Air Resources Board gave the 5-speed model a ULEV rating, and the CVT model earned a SULEV rating. (The 5-speed's lean-burn ability is a trade-off which increases efficiency at the expense of slightly higher NOx emissions.)

History

Upon its introduction to the United States in December 1999 (as a year "2000" model car), the Honda Insight was the first mass-produced hybrid automobile sold in the country. The first generation of the Toyota Prius, however, had gone on sale in Japan in 1997. Hybrid technology, which combined two different power sources -- in the Insight's case, a regular internal combustion engine and an electric motor powered by Nickel-Metal Hydride cells -- was unproven on the American market, and at the time of release was not considered viable. Previous efforts to make environmentally-friendly cars had focused on electric cars. The primary argument against hybrids was that the cost and weight of having two different motors would make the vehicles impractical.

The Insight, however, was introduced at a price of just under US $20,000. Other hybrids soon followed, with the Toyota Prius arriving in June of 2000. Honda rolled out a hybrid version of the Honda Civic in 2002, followed by Toyota's relaunch of the Prius in 2003. In the fall of 2004 Ford became the first American automotive manufacturer to bring a hybrid to market with the Ford Escape hybrid.

The car remained the highest mileage machine while it was produced and is still the leader of any current car. The Insight earned an EPA mileage estimate of 70 miles per gallon in highway driving, 61 mpg city. With air conditioning it was 66/60. With a CVT it was 57/56. Some drivers wind up with worse mileage; others routinely report real world mileage close to, and often exceeding, the EPA numbers. Insight aficionados, the more extreme of whom are called "hypermilers", compete to eke out as many miles as possible from a tank.

Upon the Insight's release, Honda challenged several automotive magazines to a competition to see who could obtain the best mileage on the 195-mile (314 km) drive from Columbus, Ohio to Detroit. The contest was won by Car and Driver magazine, which rigged a box behind an SUV, and had the Insight drive within the confines of the box. Without any wind resistance, the Insight made the trip with mileage of 121.7 miles per gallon, while averaging 58 miles per hour. A two-year test of an Insight with air conditioning, driven 40,000 miles (64,000 km), averaged 48 miles per gallon. Total global sales for the Insight amounted to only around 18,000. When the Insight debuted, gas cost only $1.39 a gallon.

Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 in the United States, the Honda Insight was eligible for a $1,450 tax credit.

The gasoline engine is a nominal 70 hp, 1-liter, 3-cylinder unit. The electrical motor assist adds in another 10 kW (approx 12 hp) when called on, and similarly provides significant deceleration when used in regenerative mode for braking. (This both improves mileage and also dramatically extends the lifetime for the brake shoes).

The Insight addressed many problems of electric vehicles, such as their extremely limited range. When the car is not driving the engine shuts off. The digital displays on the dashboard display mileage instantaneously. On the manual transmission up and down arrows suggest when to shift gears. In California, the state with the most-stringent fuel economy standards, the manual-transmission Insight was rated as an ultra-low-emission vehicle and the CVT transmission was rated Super-ultra-low-emission vehicle.

Until 2003 Honda and Toyota sold roughly similar numbers of hybrids, but in 2004 the Prius sales doubled. Sales of hybrids in Europe were even lower than in America because of the popularity and infrastructure to support diesel cars in Europe. The Economist wrote: "The beauty of hybrids is that they do not require changes in driver behaviour or fuel infrastructure."

In 2006, Honda decided to cancel production on the Insight because of dwindling sales and rising sales of the Honda Civic Hybrid. Hybrid insiders also noted the fact that the Insight was only a 2-seater made the Toyota Prius the preferred choice for those desiring to drive green.

Design

The Honda Insight was a subcompact hatchback 3945 mm (155.1 in) in length with a wheelbase of 2400 mm (94.5 in) a height of 1355 mm (53.3 in) and a width of 1695 mm (66.7 in). The Insight was only available as a two-seater. Only three different trims were available: a manual transmission without air-conditioning, a manual transmission with air-conditioning, and a continuously variable transmission with air-conditioning. Although produced until 2006, the only major change was the introduction of a trunk mounted, front controlled, multiple CD changer.

One key in increasing the vehicle's fuel efficiency was reducing the mass via the extensive use of aluminium and plastic. Honda built the insight with aluminum front brake calipers and rear brake drums; the fuel tank was plastic; the engine mounts are aluminum; and the exhaust was a small, thin wall pipe.The entire weight of the Insight was only 1847 lb (838 kg) for a manual transmission or 1964 lb (891 kg) for the CVT with air conditioning.

The flat back of the Insight was similar to the CRX, while the broad, rounded hood resembled the design of the Honda Civic. The shape of the Insight was considered too unusual by some drivers, much like GM's EV1. The New York Times wrote that the Honda Insight and the EV1 "suggested Popeye's pal, Olive Oyl, in her ankle-length dress. The rear fender skirts seemed frumpy."

Technology

Honda Insight  IMA
Honda Insight IMA

The Insight uses the first generation of Honda's Integrated Motor Assist ( IMA) hybrid technology. (The next generation, used in the Honda Civic Hybrid, is much more space-efficient.) The Insight has a 3-cylinder 1.0 Liter engine and a brushless 10-kWelectric motor located on the crankshaft.Buried behind the driver's and the passenger's seats are a set of commercial grade "D" sized NiMH batteries wired up to provide a nominal 144 V DC.During heavy acceleration, the electric motor provides additional power; during deceleration, the motor acts as a generator and recharges the batteries using a process called regenerative braking. A computer control module regulates how much power comes from the internal combustion engine, and how much from the electric motor; in the CVT variant, it also finds the optimal gear ratio. The current battery charge is shown on the dashboard, as is the instantaneous fuel efficiency and current state of the electric motor — whether it is assisting the engine or charging the batteries.

Additional mileage enhancements are courtesy of high pressure, low rolling resistance tires and the use of extremely slippery "0w-20" synthetic oil.

Unlike the Toyota Prius, which has a planetary gearset, the original Insight had a conventional manual transmission. Starting with the 2001 model, a CVT variant of the Insight was available; the CVT is similar to that used in the Honda Civic Hybrid and the Honda Logo. The Insight is not considered a "full" hybrid vehicle because it cannot run on the electric motor alone, whereas its competitor, the Prius, can be operated solely on the electric motor. A feature shared by the two hybrids (and now appearing in others) is the ability to automatically turn off the engine when the vehicle is at a stop (and restart it upon movement). Since it is more powerful (10 kW) than most starters of conventional cars, the Insight's electric motor can start the engine nearly instantaneously.

The Integrated Motor Assist is run by an "Intelligent Power Unit (IPU)", a desktop computer-sized box. The Intelligent Power Unit, the Power control Unit, the Electronic Control Unit, the vehicle's batteries, converter and a high-voltage inverter are all located under the cargo floor of the vehicle, behind the seats. Also to maximize mileage, the Insight was very aerodynamic. The Insight had one of the lowest coefficients of drag of any car on the market, although its 0.25 coefficient was not as low as the EV1's 0.19.

The Insight was available with a manual transmission or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). A traditional transmission shifts between a fixed set of engine-to-wheel ratios; however, a CVT allows for an infinite set of ratios between its lowest gear and its highest. The CVT transmission was classified as a super-low emissions vehicle.

Manufacturing

The Insight was assembled at the Honda factory in Suzuka, Japan, where the Honda NSX and the Honda S2000 are also assembled. The Insight and the NSX are aluminum bodies, while the S2000 employs a steel body. Sales were small, but Honda sees the vehicle as more of a halo car than a volume seller.

At the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show, Honda introduced the concept car Honda IMAS, an extremely fuel-efficient and lightweight hybrid car made of aluminum and carbon fiber, which was perceived by most observers to be the future direction where the Insight is heading.

In May 2006, Honda announced that production of the Insight would stop in September 2006. According to Honda, it will be replaced by a new hybrid car smaller than the eighth generation Civic. While year round production of the Insight would stop in 2006, limited production during the winter would continue as necessary, presumably for parts. It was designed as a real world test car for hybrid technology and to gauge driving habits.

Common Issues affecting efficiency & Performance

The Insight employs 2 electrical ground connections to the chassis, both visible on the driver's side of the engine bay. These ground connections are made of rigid copper wire and are prone to fatigue failure. Corroded or broken ground connections can cause multiple types of IMA-related failures, or even lackluster performance of the hybrid system. The Insight was also sold with Bridgestone RE92 low rolling resistance tires in the 165/65-14 tire size. Deviating to heavier, wider, higher traction tires creates more drag on the engine and reduces the fuel economy considerably by preventing entrance into "Lean Burn" mode at highway speeds. The stock RE92 tires were specified at 40PSI front and 38PSI rear, which is much higher than typical settings for comparable vehicles. Deviation from intended tire pressures also has a large effect on the fuel economy of the Insight. When replacing spark plugs, each of the 3 cylinders is stamped with a unique letter (A, B, C or D) denoting the threading index of the particular cylinder. Spark plugs should be purchased and installed accordingly to match the indexing of each cylinder correctly.

Replacement battery pack cost

Since the Insight's introduction, many have wondered what costs an Insight owner would face if the car's NiMH battery pack needs replacing. As of October 2006, Honda is paying the replacement cost of these batteries on cars with up to 150,000 miles (240,000 km) of use.As of September 2007, one dealer quote is US$5000. Garage mechanics have recently started attempting replacing Insight batteries with either Prius sub-packs or Civic Hybrid subpacks. As of the date of this edit (Mar 2008) the Civic Hybrid subpacks appear to be a direct replacement at an affordable $300 per used battery pack due to larger production volumes.

Awards

The Insight's engine won the International Engine of the Year award for 2000, and continued to hold the "Sub-1 liter" size category for the next six years. The Insight was nominated for the North American Car of the Year award for 2001.

Customizations

A number of Insight owners have performed some interesting and unique customization to their cars over the years.

Honda hybrids like the Insight are Parallel Hybrids which at first glance would not seem to benefit much from a plug-in hybrid conversion as they do not have an EV-mode like the Toyota Prius. However by using a larger battery the 10 kW (13 hp) IMA could be run in a constant assist mode to displace gas consumption and push the mileage well into the one-hundreds on the freeway. The Insight is a very light and aerodynamic vehicle which makes it rather attractive for conversion.

Manual IMA

The MIMA or (Manual IMA (Integrated Motor Assist)) project has developed a component and pre-assembled kit to allow Honda Insight drivers to manually control both IMA Assist and Regen. This modification enables the driver to alter the IMA's normal assist and regen characteristics. It also makes it possible to directly input assist and regen with an analog joystick. It is currently only available for the Insight but not the Civic or Accord. While not an Insight PHEV (Plug-in hybrid) project itself, it makes it possible to use additional battery capacity in a blended mode similar to Prius PHEV at speeds greater than 34 mph (55 km/h).

MIMA allows the driver to set an aggressive assist type profile allowing the IMA to contribute up to 10 kW (13 hp) of continuous power. This would rapidly deplete the stock battery which may reach empty within 5 minutes or 5 miles (8.0 km). Some Insight drivers may already be familiar with Recalibration Events, Recals, which are essentially the manifestation or the State Of Charge Drift portion of the vehicles battery management routines. While the most common Recals are negative and occur when the SOC reaches a lower limit, it is also possible to recalibrate or drift up if the SOC is determined to be higher than expected. Such behavior makes possible State Of Charge Manipulation by simply keeping the battery's voltage or perceived voltage near the upper limit.

Technically, as long as the lower SOC limit is not reached, MIMA makes it possible to command any desired level of IMA assistance which diminishes the importance of SOC Manipulation. Both simple and hybrid Battery Pack Configurations would be equally effective in such a conversion because of the previous point. A hybrid pack would leave the stock battery in place and might eliminate the need for a Battery Tap Emulator, yet a simple configuration replacing the NiMH pack with a superior Lithium battery would maximize energy density and keep vehicle weight well under 2000 pounds. A battery charger would be required and might also double as a hybrid pack's power regulation device which could lessen the constraints on choosing a battery packs geometry (voltage, cells, or number of batteries).

It should however be noted that Li-Ion battery packs have been known to have catastrophic malfunctions. Its very common for model aircraft users who use Li-Ion batteries to experience fires or even outright explosions hours or even days after a model has crashed,even when the battery pack appears to be undamaged. This highlights the possibility that not only might a Li_Ion battery pack catch fire or possibly explode immediately,but might also appear perfectly normal until a much later time. It may also be possible that a single cell exploding in a densely packed battery pack might act as a detonator setting off other cells in the pack. Clearly the idea of 5000 cell phone batteries,packed into the size or a large suitcase simultaneously detonating in a bad accident should make any potential home-brew modifications using Li-Ion technology inadvisable unless these issues can be accounted for and mitigated.

Easy Modifications

The clutch pedal switch may be shorted in parallel to disable the IMA charge/discharge function. Disabling the IMA system while climbing steep hills may be beneficial for overall MPG.

The brake pedal switch may be shorted in parallel to enable full electric regenerative braking without using the brake pedal.

Turbo

Willies Red Rocket is an Insight with a General Motors Geo's turbo charger and intercooler system that produces 8 psi of boost.

Drag racing

This Pro Stock Drag Insight is highly modified. The hybrid power train has been removed.