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Ford Ranger (North America)

Ford Ranger (North American)

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Model years	1983–2012
Predecessor	Ford Courier
Class	Compact pickup truck
Layout	Front-engine, rear- / four-wheel drive

The Ford Ranger is a pickup truck manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company for the North American, Chilean, Argentinian, and Brazilian markets for model years 1983 to 2012. The "Ranger" nameplate had previously applied to a premium styling package on the F-Series full-sized pickup trucks, beginning in 1965. In 1983, the Ranger was introduced as the replacement for the Ford Courier, abadge-engineered version of the Mazda B-Series, in a segment largely defined by the pickup trucks from Datsun and Toyota. From 1987 to 2004, the Ranger was the best-selling compact pickup in America.

Rebadged variants of the second-generation Ranger were marketed by Mazda as theB-Series with Mazda using the engine displacement in their model designation; the B2500 had a 2.5 L I4 engine and the B4000 has a 4.0 L V6. For 2002, the B-Series was renamed to simply Mazda Truck in the United States.

The Ranger and Mazda B-Series were manufactured at Ford's Twin Cities Assembly Plant in St. Paul, Minnesota, at Louisville Assembly Plant in Louisville, Kentucky until 1999 and Edison Assembly in Edison, New Jersey until the plant's closing in 2004.

Declining sales of the compact truck segment as a whole and the closure of the Twin Cities Assembly Plant led to the cancellation of the Ranger after the 2011 model year; a small run of 2012 models were produced exclusively for the fleet market.

First generation

First generation

Production	January 1982–1992
Assembly	Louisville, Kentucky, United States St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
Engine	Inline-4 engines V6 engines Diesel engines
Transmission	Manual transmissions Automatic transmissions
Wheelbase	107.9 in (2,741 mm) 113.9 in (2,893 mm) 125 in (3,175.0 mm)
Length	Standard bed 1983-1988:175.6 in (4,460 mm) 1989-1992:176.5 in (4,483 mm) SuperCab 1983-1988:187.6 in (4,765 mm) 1989-1992:188.5 in (4,788 mm) Long bed 1983-1988:192.7 in (4,895 mm) 1989-1992:193.6 in (4,917 mm)
Width	1983-1988: 66.9 in (1,699 mm) 1989-1992: 66.8 in (1,697 mm)
Related	Ford Bronco II Ford Explorer Mazda Navajo

1983–1988

Ford began development of the Ranger in 1976, focusing on quality and fuel efficiency. The intent was to build a truck that was as capable as the full-size F-Series, but in a more economical package. The compact Ranger had a similar styling to the full-size Ford F-Series, used a similar architecture, and was offered with a four-wheel drive capability. This ability allowed the Ford Ranger to haul a four-foot-wide (1.2 m) sheet of plywood, which is a common standard for a pickup truck. In the compact Ranger, however, the space between the wheel wells was less than four feet; Ford designed the box with provisions to allow hauling of a standard sheet of plywood.

1983 Ranger production began January 18, 1982 at the Louisville Assembly Plant,hitting showrooms in March.Available engines were the 72 hp (54 kW) 2.0 L and 86 hp (64 kW) 2.3 L OHC four-cylinders, a four-cylinder 59 hp (44 kW) 2.2 L Mazda/Perkins diesel, and a 115 hp (86 kW) 2.8 L Cologne V6. In 1985, a Mitsubishi-built 2.3 L turbodiesel with 86 hp (64 kW) replaced the Mazda diesel engine, and in 1986, the 2.8 L engine was replaced with a 140 hp (104 kW) 2.9 L Cologne V6. The Super-cab was introduced in 1986, offering an extra 17 inches (432 mm) of storage space behind the front seats, with a pair of jump seats available as an option. A lot of the parts of the interior such as the steering wheel and the window cranks were similar to those in other Ford vehicles like the Bronco, Escort, and the F-Series.

Mid-year 1986 saw the introduction of the Ranger GT. Available only as a standard cab with a short bed, it had a 2.9 L Cologne V6 with either a 5-speed Toyo Kogyo manual transmission or an optional A4LD automatic transmission putting power to a Traction-Lok differential with a 3.73 gear ratio. Inside, the pickup was equipped with special bucket seats, full instrument cluster, and an optional center console. Front and rear sway bars were installed, and 14x6 aluminum wheels completed the package. A long bed option was added for 1987, and a new ground effects package was introduced in 1988.

1989–1992

The truck received a facelift for 1989, which included flush composite headlamps, new front fenders, hood, and grille, along with some upgrades to the frame. Inside, there was a modern new dashboard and steering column.

1989 Ford Ranger

The new steering column included, on automatic transmission-equipped models, a column-mounted gear shift, and key removal on manual transmission models became a simpler, one-handed operation. Manual-equipped 1983–88 models had the key release button beneath the column on the left-hand side, requiring drivers to use both hands to remove the key.

Rear-wheel antilock brakes were added, and a 21 US gal (79 L; 17 imp gal) fuel tank was now optional on extended-cab models.

The 2.0 L engine was discontinued, and the 2.3 L now had a distributorless ignition system with two spark plugs per cylinder, giving it a 14 hp (10 kW) boost and better fuel economy.The three-speed automatics were dropped, leaving only the A4LD. The new 160 hp (119 kW) 4.0 L Cologne V6 was added to the option list for all models in 1990. It was introduced to replace the 2.9 L Cologne in rear-wheel drive and 4x4 trucks. With the new engines, the only manual transmission available was the 5-speed M5OD-R1.

The Ranger GT was discontinued, although the Ford Truck Public Affairs office did build a prototype for 1990 powered by a 3.0 L SHO V6.

Second generation

1993–1997

1993–1997

Also called	Mazda B-Series
Production	1993–1997
Assembly	Louisville, Kentucky, United States St. Paul, Minnesota, United States Edison, New Jersey, United States General Pacheco, Argentina
Body style	2-door compact 2-door extended
Engine	2.3 L OHC I4 3.0 L Vulcan V6 4.0 L Cologne V6
Transmission	Manual 5-speed Mazda M5OD-R1 Automatic 4-speed A4LD 4-speed 4R44E 4-speed 4R55E 5-speed 5R55E
Wheelbase	107.9 in (2,741 mm) 113.9 in (2,893 mm) 125.2 in (3,180 mm)
Length	184.3 in (4,681 mm) 196.3 in (4,986 mm) 198.2 in (5,034 mm)
Width	69.4 in (1,763 mm)
Related	Ford Explorer Mazda Navajo Mercury Mountaineer

The 1993 facelift featured mild restyling, flush-mounted door glass, wider doors, and slight fender flares. The 1989-style dashboard remained, but the seats and door panels were new. The 2.9-liter engine was discontinued. The engines offered were offered in displacements of 2.3-, 3.0- and a 4.0 liters. The Mazda M5OD-R1 was now the sole manual transmission option. A new "Splash" model was introduced, which had a flare side bed, unique chrome wheels, 1 inch (25 mm) lowered rear suspension and a 2 inch lowered front suspension (on 4x2 models), and special vinyl "Splash" decals on the sides and the tailgate.

The 1993 Splash trim level was offered with regular cab in arctic white, gloss black, red orange, and sky blue. The Mazda B-Series became a rebadged Ranger for the 1994 model year, but the Mazda B-Series did not offer an equivalent to the Splash model. While 1993 Rangers used R-12 Freon, 1994 saw the transition to CFC-free air-conditioning systems in compliance with the Clean Air Act. For the 1994 model year, the Splash trim had options which all included; a 1 in (25 mm) lowered rear suspension and 2 inch lowered front suspension (on 4x2 models), flare side bed, an extended cab, and unique chrome wheels. The decals also underwent subtle changes. While the 1993–1994 models carried red, yellow and blue stripes, the 1995–1996 models had lime green stripes. Additionally, the available colors for the Splash model changed from the 1993–1994 models to the 1995–1997 models. The latter were offered in Maroon Red, Gloss black, White, and Canary Yellow.

Ford Ranger dash panel

Ford Ranger jump seat closed

Ford Ranger jump seat open

1995 included a steering wheel modified to include a driver's side airbag and a redesigned dashboard which included a double DIN radio head unit and a standard passenger airbag with a key-operated cutoff switch that allowed the airbag to be turned off for smaller passengers riding in the front seat. The A4LD transmission was updated. 2.3 L and 3.0 L models got the 4R44E, while 4.0 L trucks got the 4R55E. The front brakes were changed to use the same 2-piston brake calipers as the second-generation Explorer, and four-wheel anti-lock brakes were added as standard on 4x4 and 4.0 L models.

1997 brought in the first ever 5 speed automatic transmission to be used by an American manufacturer. The 4.0L models were equipped with the 5r55E, while the 3.0L was still mated to the 4r44E.

Mazda B-Series

Mazda B2300 extended cab (US)

For 1994, the third-generation Mazda B-Series was introduced. While the company continued to manufacture its own trucks in Japan and internationally, the North American version of the B-Series was now a badge-engineered version of the Ranger. The new B3000 and B4000boasted Ford V6 engines, and the M5OD-R1 manual transmission returning to the options sheet. Extended cab models were available, as was four-wheel drive; Mazda made the B-Series available in two trim lines, LE and SE. The 3.0 L B3000 was dropped for 1997.

Engine options:

B2300

1994 – 2.3 L (2311 cc) OHC I4, 98 hp (73 kW)
1995–1997 – 2.3 L (2311 cc) OHC I4, 112 hp (84 kW)

B3000

1994 – 3.0 L (2983 cc) Vulcan V6, 140 hp (104 kW)
1995–1996 – 3.0 L (2983 cc) Vulcan V6, 145 hp (108 kW)

B4000

1994–1997 – 4.0 L (4016 cc) Cologne V6, 160 hp (119 kW)

South America

In 1995 Ford began exports of the Ranger from the United States to Argentina; initial exports started with two-door SuperCab equipped with the 4.0-liter gasoline Cologne V6. As demand increased, Ford made the decision to produce it locally in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the Ford General Pacheco Assembly Plant for the local market and subsequently for the rest of Latin America.The first Rangers produced at General Pacheco were built in 1996 with a single cab, gasoline engine version. By November 1997, supply was increased with both diesel and gasoline engines, two-wheel and four-wheel drive and different levels of equipment.

1998–2012

1998–2012

Also called	Mazda B-Series
Production	1998–2012
Assembly	St. Paul, Minnesota, United States Edison, New Jersey, United States General Pacheco, Argentina
Body style	2-door compact 2-door extended (1998) 2+2-door extended (1999-2011) 4-door crew cab (South America)
Engine	2.3 L Duratec I4 2.5 L OHC I4 3.0 L Vulcan V6 (1998–08) 4.0 L Cologne V6 4.0 L 4.0 SOHC V6
Transmission	Manual 5-speed Mazda M5OD-R1 Automatic 4-speed 4R44E 5-speed 5R55E
Wheelbase	111.6 in (2,835 mm) 117.6 in (2,987 mm) 125.9 in (3,198 mm)
Length	188.5 in (4,788 mm) 200.5 in (5,093 mm) 202.9 in (5,154 mm)
Width	70.3 in (1,786 mm)
Height	68.3 in (1,735 mm) 69.4 in (1,763 mm)
Related	Ford Explorer Mercury Mountaineer

In 1998 the Ranger got another redesign, giving it a longer wheelbase and a three-inch (76 mm) longer cab for the regular cab models (part of which provided more room in the interior. The 1995–97 interior look was retained. The twin I-beam front suspension was replaced by the wishbone-style system found on the Explorer and the front half of the frame was of "boxed", rather than C-channel construction. Rack and pinion steering was also added. The four-cylinder engine was bumped up to a 2.5 L SOHC I4 giving it a 6% increase in power over the old 2.3 L. It put out 120 hp (89 kW) and 149 lb·ft (202 N·m) of torque. Also, for the 2000 model year, amber rear turn signals were discontinued. 4x4 models were equipped with a PVH lockout system for the front axles. This system has proven to be rather unreliable and was changed to a live axle setup in 2001.

The 2.5L engine was replaced by a new DOHC 2.3 L Duratec I4 in mid-2001. 2001 also saw the pushrod 4.0 L V6 replaced by the SOHC version from the Explorer, bringing with it a beefier M5OD-R1HD manual transmission. Also in 2001, the five-speed automatic transmission that was introduced in 1997 for the 4.0 V6, was now also available with the 2.3 I4 and 3.0 V6. The Ranger received a facelift, including a new grille, hood, and front bumper, as well as updated headlights and taillights. SLP produced a version of the Ranger called "thunderbolt". This model included different options such as a unique front and rear bumper, air intake, exhaust and even a spoiler.

In 2004 the Ranger received minor updates to the grille, hood, and front bumper. New front bucket seats were also added in 2004 to meet the new U.S. Federal safety requirements. It retained the dash lines of the previous years trucks with an instrument cluster change. In 2006 the Ranger received more minor updates to the grille, front turn signals and taillights, along with a bigger rear Ford logo that was now centered in the middle of the tailgate. It also received new larger mirrors similar to those found on other Ford trucks and SUV's.

Ford Ranger double cab (South America)

2001–2003 Ford Ranger extended cab

2004–2005 Ford Ranger extended cab

2006–2012 Ford Ranger regular cab

The latest Ranger offered a 143 hp (107 kW) 2.3-liter I4 and a 207 hp (154 kW) 4.0-liter V6. The 3.0 Vulcan V6 was discontinued as of the 2009 model year. The FX4 Level II version comes with a special 31-spline 8.8-inch (223.5 mm) rear axle equipped with a Zexel-Torsen limited-slip differential, three skid plates, upgraded tow hooks, 31" BFGoodrich All Terrains, 15-inch Alcoa wheels, and Bilstein shocks. Inside, the Level II package added leather front bucket seats and rubber floors along with a six-CD MP3 headunit as standard options. Ford uses code "R10" through "R19" in the 5th, 6th, and 7th VIN positions for all Ranger's. R10, R14, and R18 are ALL 2wheel drive; regular cab, 2-door SuperCab, and 4-door SuperCab respectively. R11, R15, and R19 are ALL 4wheel drive; regular cab, 2-door SuperCab, 4-door SuperCab respectively.

In December 2009, Ford announced that specially-designed custom graphics would be applied to the Ranger beginning with the 2010 models. The feature will be exclusive to Ford Dealers and will allow customers to pick a design that they want customized for their Ranger trims.

As of 2010 in the US, the Ranger is no longer offered with the FX4 trim level. The FX4 is still available in Canada; however, it is a $2500 option on top of the Sport trim level. The FX4 package cannot be applied to an XLT. The FX4 for the 2010–2011 model years in Canada come with a 4.10 limited slip rear end.

For the 2011 model year, the level trims have adjusted. The XL trim will be the standard level, followed by the XLT and Sport trims. The latter two will include Sirius radio as a optional feature.

The Ford Ranger was the first small pickup to introduce dual air bags as safety features.It received an "acceptable" frontal crash test rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety when they were first tested in 1998, while many of its competitors received "marginal" or "poor" ratings at that time. The exception was the Toyota Tacoma, which also got an "acceptable" rating.

The 2010 model year brought the addition of front seat combination head and torso airbags to improve passenger safety in a side-impact collision and earned Good rating through the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's Side Impact Test. Also Electronic Stability Control was added for the 2010 Models as Standard Equipment.

In the Roof Strength Test conducted by Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Ford Ranger earned an Acceptable rating.

Electric Ranger

Ranger EV, front 3/4 view

The Ford Ranger EV was a battery electric vehicle produced by Ford Motor Company; it was produced from 1998 to 2002. The chassis of the four-wheel drive model was used, but the Ranger EV was strictly a rear-wheel drive vehicle. Unlike other versions, the EV was designed with an independent rear suspension (with de Dion tube). 1998 models employed lead-acid batteries while subsequent models used Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.

The Ranger EV is largely indistinguishable from a standard Ranger except for its grille. On EV models, a door for a charging port is located on the right third of the grille.

Mazda B-Series

1998–2001 Mazda B4000 extended cab (North America)

2002-2009 Mazda B3000 regular cab (US)

North America saw a redesigned B-Series again for 1998, with a larger base engine. A five-speed automatic transmission was available.The 1999 B-Series added four doors, a first in the extended-cab pickup truck market. In 2001 a more powerful SOHC version of the 4.0 L V6 replaced the old OHV engine, while Ford's Duratec engine replaced the ancient Lima engine in four-cylinder models the following year. 2007 was the last year for 3.0 L B-Series trucks. For 2009, the B4000 Cab Plus SE model was discontinued in the United States market. The full B-Series lineup was discontinued, in the United States, at the end of the 2009 model year, while the Ford Ranger remains in production. The B-Series was sold in the Canadian market for one more model year.

Engine options:

B2500

1998– early 2001 – 2.5 L (2507 cc) OHC I4, 119 hp (89 kW)

B2300

late 2001–2010 – 2.3 L (2300 cc) Duratec I4, 143 hp (107 kW)

B3000

1998–2002 – 3.0 L (2957 cc) Vulcan V6, 145 hp (108 kW)
2003–2008 – 3.0 L (2957 cc) Vulcan V6, 154 hp (115 kW)

B4000

1998–2000 – 4.0 L (4025 cc) Cologne V6, 160 hp (119 kW)
2001–2010 – 4.0 L (4025 cc) Cologne V6, 207 hp (154 kW)

South America

South American 2004-2009 Ranger Double Cab

South American 2010–present Ford Ranger

After two years of local production of the 1995 updated model in Argentina, Ford introduced the same version of the newly updated 1998 Ranger. Along with the single cab (the North American SuperCab), South America received an exclusive double cab body variant.The crew cab was not sold in North America, as it was essentially similar to the Ford Explorer Sport Trac undergoing development.

There was a choice of two powerplant options including a 3.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder diesel with 163 horsepower and 280 lb-ft of torque mated to a Eaton FSO-2405-A five-speed manual transmission.

In 2007 Ford invested US$156.5 million in its facility in General Pacheco, Argentina. For 2008, the Ranger received a makeover with a grill and headlights similar to the 2006 North American version; bed extenders became available for all boxes.The 2010 Ranger was updated further with new sheet metal giving it a more aggressive stance; it also received its own version of the corporate three-bar grille completely different from its North American counterpart. Other changes included redesigned outer door skins with pull-out door handles and wider wheel arches, though the 2008 interior was retained as well as the two engine choices.

The other Ford Ranger available for the rest of the Latin American market is a badge-engineered version of the Mazda B-Series (to 2006) and the BT-50 (2006–2011) being assembled in Colombia and Ecuador (in CKD form). As the Ford designed Ranger became the basis of the first-generation Explorer, the Mazda designed Ranger is the basis of a body-on-frame SUV named the Ford Everest sold in markets outside of North America and Europe.

The version of the Ford Ranger produced in Argentina for the markets of Brazil,Chile, and Mexico will continue to be manufactured and in 2010 it was modified and updated starting on the original second generation model of North America with a restyling giving it a more aggressive stance and is distinguished by its new corporate three-bar front grille, although the appearance of 2008-10 interior remained as the two engine options.

In 2010 Ford also introduced a new optional engine to run exclusively on compressed natural gas, which makes it the first pick up to offer a factory-built natural gas vehicle (NGV) commercially available in Argentina and Brazil.

After 2012, the Ranger T6 designed by Ford of Australia will be produced in Argentina, it will replace both the North American and Mazda-based versions.

2010 Ford Ranger (Argentina) Wheelbases and bed lengths:

2010–present – 111.5 inches (2,831 mm) – 6 ft. bed (1,732mm) Single Cab

2010–present – 117.6 inches (2,987 mm) – 7 ft. bed (2,129mm) Single Cab

2010–present – 125.7 inches (3,192 mm) – 5 ft. bed (1,467mm) Double Cab

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Torque
2.3 L Duratec HE Gasoline I4	2004–present	148 hp (110 kW)	159 lb·ft (216 N·m)
3.0 L Power Stroke Diesel I4	2004–present	163 hp (122 kW)	280 lb·ft (380 N·m)

Discontinuation in North America

It was reported in 2005 that an all-new Ranger, codenamed P273, was in the works to be introduced by 2010. The P273 was slated to be a world pickup, presumably to be merged with the Mazda world pickups. A 2007 Ranger for the Thai market based on the Asian 4Trac concept was unveiled; in the end, it did not replace the North American truck. There are rumors that Ford's future product plans in the compact pickup market segment will be announced after seeing how well the redesigned 2013 Chevrolet Colorado fares in the North American market. Ford chose to invest improvements in the Ford Explorer SUV which was branched to a more advanced platform than the Ranger, letting Ranger's sales decline.

The next-generation global Ranger, codenamed T6, already at an advanced stage of development by Ford Australia, would be sold in North America despite being designed for global markets outside of North America. The T6 Ranger entered production in 2011.

As of May 2010, T6 engineering prototypes are being tested in various countries including the U.S.It is expected that the new truck will come with at least two engine choices: a 2.0 L EcoBoost four-cylinder, and the 3.0 L Duratorq diesel for models sold outside the U.S.

In recent years, Ranger's competitors, from the Nissan Frontier to the Toyota Tacoma have been redesigned and enlarged towards the mid-size market, leaving the Ranger the only truck in the US compact market segment. The Ranger remains a decent seller for Ford,with fleet customers buying them regularly as well as those individuals seeking good fuel mileage in a compact truck (Ranger gets better MPG than any other pickup with its Mazda-derived 4cyl engine).

Ford initially considered a smaller-than-F-150 pickup truck, one based on the F-Series (following the older F-100 offering). This proposal was cancelled in favor of offering an EcoBoost engine in the F-150 product line.

The decision as to why the Ranger will no longer be available in the United States is that the new global platform is simply too close in size to the F-150. Another factor is due to declining sales, as Ford's Vice President of Global Product Development, Derrick Kuzak, notes that the compact pickup market in the United States has been declining for the past 15 years, dropping from eight percent of the industry in 1994 to around two percent in 2010. The ending of the Ranger in the United States also marks a departure for Ford from the compact truck segment after 30 years.

On June 22, 2011, a report from the United Auto Workers 879, which represents workers at the factory where the North American Ranger is produced, was released which stated that production of the Ranger was planned to end by December 22, 2011.The final North American-built Ranger, a white, extended cab Sport model purchased by pest-control company Orkin, was produced at the St. Paul plant on December 16, 2011.2011 was the last model year of retail Ranger sales, while 2012 was the final model year of fleet sales.