แสดงบทความที่มีป้ายกำกับ Formula One แสดงบทความทั้งหมด

วันอังคารที่ 22 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2555

>>Ferrari 312

Ferrari 312

Ferrari 312

PC Simulation

In 1998, a driveable, detailed virtual recreation of the 1967 Ferrari 312 appeared as one of the leading cars in Grand Prix Legends, a PC-based simulation of the 1967 F1 championship. The 1966 version was part of the free '66 Mod' for 'GPL', which was introduced in 2007. It included further refined driving physics.

วันอังคารที่ 15 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2555

>>Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta

Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta

Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta
Manufacturer	Ferrari
Also called	The Golden Ferrari
Production	2009
Assembly	Maranello, Italy
Body style	2-seat Convertible
Layout	Front mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Engine	Tipo F140C 5,999 cc (5.999 L; 366.1 cu in) V12
Transmission	6-speed semi-automatic 'F1'
Wheelbase	2,750 mm (108.3 in)
Length	4,731 mm (186.3 in)
Width	1,954 mm (76.9 in)
Height	1,300 mm (51.2 in)
Curb weight	1,710 kg (3,770 lb)
Related	Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano
Designer	Pininfarina

The Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta is a one-off front mid-engined, rear-wheel drive sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari, based on the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano.

Edward Walson commissioned the car in 2008, asking Ferrari to build a modern interpretation of the gold covered Carrozzeria Fantuzzi-designed Ferrari built for the film Toby Damnit. This car represents the second car in Ferrari's Special Project program.

The P540 was revealed to the public on December 11, 2009, but had been spotted in spy shots several months previous to this.

Specifications

As it is based on the 599 GTB, many of the specifications of the P540 are similar to its donor car.

Engine

The P540 features the Tipo F140C which is a V12. The engine displaces 5,999 cc and produces 620 hp (462 kW; 629 PS) at 7,600 rpm, and 448 ft·lbf (607 N·m) at 5,600 rpm.

Transmission

The Tipo F140C is mated to Ferrari's 6-speed semi-automatic 'F1' transmission.

Development

Designed by Pininfarina and built in Maranello, this car was designed to homologate with international safety and homologation requirements. Using finite element analysis and carbon fibre, the car's chassis was stiffened for the conversion to a convertible body style. Total time of development was 14 months.

วันจันทร์ที่ 14 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2555

>>Ferrari GG50

Ferrari GG50

The Ferrari GG50 is a concept car created by Ferrari to mark the fifty years during which Giorgetto Giugiaro had been designing cars. It was introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show.

The Ferrari GG50 is a concept car created by Ferrari to mark the fifty years during which Giorgetto Giugiaro had been designing cars. It was introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show.

Engine and performance

The Ferrari F1 GG50 has special modifications inspired by Formula 1 (F1), to improve performance. It uses a 65 degree V12 naturally aspirated petrol engine. The engine develops peak power of 540 horsepower (400 kW), which is 94 horsepower (70 kW) per litre. The compression ratio is 11.2:1. The GG50 uses a sequential mode automatic transmission.

Design

The GG50 is a 2+2 coupé "supercar". Most of the elements of the interior design are from the similar Ferrari 612 Scaglietti, as well as part of the exterior design. Some cues, such as the steering wheel, derive from Ferrari's F1 vehicles of the past. Unique parts of the GG50 are its dashboard and the fact that the GG50 uses the Pioneer AVIC–X1R satellite navigation system.

วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 10 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2555

>>Ferrari Colombo engine

Ferrari Colombo engine

Ferrari 212 2.6 L engine

Colombo Type 125 Testa Rossa engine in a 1958 250TR

Colombo Type 125 Testa Rossa engine in a 1961 250TR Spider

Colombo Type 125 engine in a 1962 250 GTO

Flat-12 Colombo in a 1991 Testarossa

Ferrari's earliest cars used engines designed by Gioacchino Colombo, who had formerly designed Alfa Romeos for Enzo Ferrari. These V12 powerplants ranged from the diminutive 1.5 L (1497 cc) unit fitted to the 125S to the 3.3 L (3285 cc) unit in the 1966 275.

Enzo Ferrari had long admired the V12 engines of Packard, Auto Union, and Alfa Romeo(where he was long employed), but his first car, the 1940 Auto Avio Costruzioni 815, used aFiat straight-8. It was only natural that his first homegrown engine would be a V12, and the same basic design would last many years, with development continuing long after original designer Colombo had been replaced by Aurelio Lampredi as the company's marquee engine designer. Although Lampredi's engines were a real force for the company, it was Colombo's V12 which would be the primary motivator for the company's consumer products through the 1950s and 1960s.

125

The first homegrown Ferrari engine was the 125. First appearing May 11, 1947 under the hood of Ferrari's 125 S sports racer, the engine allowed the company to claim six victories in 14 races that year. The 125 S sported tiny 55.0 mm (2.2 in) by 52.5 mm (2.1 in) cylinders, the resulting 124.73 cc of each cylinder rounded up to give the engine, and the car, its name. Overall, the engine displaced exactly 1,496.77 cc (91 in³). It had a single overhead camshaft on each bank of cylinders with a 60° angle between the two banks. The engine had two valves per cylinder fed through three Weber 30DCF carburettors. A 7.5:1 compression ratio yielded 118 hp (88 kW) at 6800 rpm.

Colombo and Ferrari had designed the engine with Formula One regulations in mind, and introduced it the next year in the company's first F1 car, the 125 F1. This time, it was supercharged, in accordance with F1 dictates, for a total output of 230 hp (172 kW) at 7,000 rpm. However, the Roots-type single-stage supercharger was incapable of producing the high-end power required to compete with the strong eight-cylinder Alfa Romeo 158 and four-cylinder Maserati 4CLT. Strong driving and a nimble chassis, however, allowed the company to place third in its first outing, at the Valentino Grand Prix on September 5, 1948 and the company persevered in racing.

For 1949, the engine was further modified with dual overhead camshafts (though still two valves per cylinder) and a two-stage supercharger. This combination gave the car better top-end performance and the resulting 280 hp (209 kW) gave it five Grand Prix wins. Development continued the following year, but the problematic superchargers were dropped in favor of larger displacement and Lampredi's 275 engine superseded the original Ferrari engine.

Applications:

1947 Ferrari 125 S — 118 hp (88 kW)
1948 Ferrari 125 F1 — Single supercharger, 230 hp (172 kW)
1949–1950 Ferrari 125 F1 — Dual-stage supercharger, 280 hp (209 kW)

58.8 mm stroke

The early 166, 195, and 212 cars used Colombo V12s of varying sizes. All shared the same 58.8 mm (2.3 in) stroke, with 60, 65, and 68 mm (2.7 in) bores giving displacements of 1995, 2341, and 2563 cc in the 166, 195, and 212 respectively. Output ranged from 105 hp (78 kW) to 165 hp (123 kW).

250

One of the most common Colombo engines is the 250. It bowed in 1952 in the 250S and lasted through the 1963 330 America. It used a 73 mm (2.9 in) bore with the common Colombo stroke of 58.8 mm (2.3 in) for a total of 2953 cc.

275

The final 58.8 mm (2.3 in) Colombo Ferrari was the 275. It used a 3286 cc variant of the V12 with a wide 77 mm (3.0 in) bore for up to 300 hp (224 kW).

330

The 1960 400 Superamerica replaced the previous model's Lampredi engine with a 3967 cc Colombo. It diverged from the standard 58.8 mm (2.3 in) stroke with a 71 mm (2.8 in) stroke and 77 mm (3.0 in) bore. Output was 340 to 400 hp (298 kW) with triple Weber carburetors.

Although the 1963 330 series also used a 3967 cc engine with the same bore and stroke as the 400 Superamerica, this engine was quite different. It used a wider bore spacing, paving the way for future displacement increases. The spark plugs were moved and a new water pump was used. The dynamo on the prior versions was replaced by a true alternator. In the end, 300 hp (223 kW) was on tap.

Four-cam

The Colombo V12 was substantially reworked for 1967's 275 GTB/4. It still used two valves per cylinder, but dual overhead cams were now used as well. In a departure from previous Ferrari designs, the valve angle was reduced three degrees to 54° for a more-compact head. The dual camshafts also allowed the valves to be aligned "correctly" (perpendicular to the camshaft) instead of offset as in SOHC Ferraris. It was a dry-sump design with a huge 17 qt (16 L) capacity. The engine retained the bore and stroke dimensions of the 275 model for 3286 cc of displacement. Output was 330 hp (246 kW) at 8000 rpm and 240 lb·ft (325 Nm) at 6000 rpm with six Weber 40 DCN 9 carburetors.

365

The 71 mm (2.8 in) Colombo engine was enlarged with an 81 mm (3.2 in) bore to 4390 cc for 1966's 365 models. This same engine would continue for the Daytona and was flattened for use in the 365 GT4 BB of 1971.

400

The Colombo engine was enlarged again to 4823 cc for 1976's 400 with the same 81 mm (3.2 in) bore and a 78 mm (3.1 in) stroke.

Applications:

1983–1985 400i

512

Another flat version (bored to 82 mm) was fitted to the 512BB.

Fuel-injected
- 1981–1985 512 BBi
Tipo F113B
- 1985–1991 Testarossa
Tipo F101
- 1986–1988 412i
Tipo F113G
- 1992–1995 512 TR

วันอังคารที่ 8 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2555

>>Ferrari F2012

Ferrari F2012

Fernando Alonso 2012 Malaysia Qualify.jpg

Design

Like most 2012-specification cars, the F2012 features a 'stepped nose' to conform to new FIA safety regulations. However, the design of the car was criticised, with Felipe Massa claiming that the team needed to carry out substantial work in order to understand the car. Furthermore, the F2012 have both at the front and at the back pull-rod suspension which Ferrari did not have on the 150° Italia. L-shaped inlets also feature on the sidepods as McLaren had last season.

It was reported that Ferrari had developed a "reactive ride height" suspension system, a mechanical device designed to maintain ride height under braking which they hoped to use in their 2012 car. The FIA ruled that devices contravene the regulations as they could improve the aerodynamic peformance of cars, which led to the device being banned.

Season overview

During testing journalists reported several reports of problems with the car's handling. It understeered travelling into the curve and oversteered as the car came out out of the curve. Ferrari denied that the car was under-performing, but during the Australian Grand Prix both Alonso and Massa went off the track after struggling with the handling, and could only qualify 12th and 17th respectively. Alonso finished the race fifth, while Massa retired after a collision with Williams driver Bruno Senna.

In the week before the Malaysian Grand Prix, Ferrari took the extraordinary step of preparing a brand-new chassis for Massa. Unable to explain the difference between Alonso and Massa's performances in Melbourne, the team prepared the chassis for Massa in the belief that the car he used in Australia was flawed.

In the race, extreme weather conditions led to Alonso taking the lead after round of pit stops. The Ferrari F2012 showed it has very good performance in damp conditions, but as the track started to dry, Sauber had better pace than Ferrari and Pérez cut Alonso's advantage from seven seconds to just half a second. Soon Alonso pitted from the lead and Pérez a lap later, keeping Alonso in first position because Pérez had to drive a whole lap longer on intermediates, while Alonso, having pitted, drove that lap on mediums thus increasing the advantage over Pérez to 5 seconds. Pérez again started chasing down Alonso and again cutting the advantage, but his front tyres began to wear out quickly because of driving just behind Alonso's F2012 which eventually led to Pérez making a mistake, thus having him again more than five seconds behind Alonso. There wasn't enough time to chase him again so Alonso went on to win the race, the first for the brand-new F2012.

Complete Formula One results

(results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Engine	Tyres	Drivers	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Points	WCC
2012	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari Type 056	P		AUS	MAL	CHN	BHR	ESP	MON	CAN	EUR	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	SIN	JPN	KOR	IND	ABU	USA	BRA	35*	3rd*
				Fernando Alonso	5	1
				Felipe Massa	Ret	15

* Season in progress.

>>Ferrari 150° Italia

Ferrari 150° Italia

Ferrari 150° Italia

Naming dispute

Felipe Massa during pre-season testing at Jerez in February 2011.

In February 2011, Ford declared its intention to sue Ferrari over the use of the F150 name. In response, Ferrari began to refer to the car as the "F150th Italia," claiming the original F150 moniker was simply an abbreviation. On March 3, Ferrari announced that the name had again been tweaked to "Ferrari 150° Italia" (the 150º pronounced as the Italian ordinalcentocinquantesimo), and that Ford had withdrawn its legal challenge.

2011 Season

When the season began in Australia, many were surprised by Ferrari's noticeable lack of pace, particularly in qualifying. Alonso and Massa were 1.4 and 2.0 seconds slower than polesitter Sebastian Vettel in his Red Bull RB7, respectively. In the race however, the Ferraris certainly seemed to have decent pace, but their finishing results were still substantially hampered by their poor grid positions, with Alonso finishing 4th and Massa 7th. Their lack of pace continued to hinder their results in both Malaysia and China and after three races, they remain without a podium position and sit third in the Constructor's Championship, already 55 points down on leaders Red Bull. Turkey saw a change in pace for Ferrari, as they were finally able to keep pace with Red Bull. After starting from fifth, Alonso managed to make his way up to second, before being passed by Mark Webber on the 51st lap. His third place finish was Ferrari's first podium of the season. Massa, meanwhile, started from tenth place, after mechanical problems prevented him from setting a time in the third qualifying session. Although he managed to get as high up as sixth place, two botched pit stops meant he could only finish 11th, behind Kamui Kobayashi and outside the points.

In Spain, Alonso qualified 4th but at the start of the race managed to pass all three drivers ahead and take the lead. But Ferrari again showed a lack of pace and after two rounds of pit stops Alonso found himself behind Mark Webber, who at the time was third. When Alonso switched to hard tyres, the situation became even worse and he was soon overtaken by Jenson Button and was eventually even lapped by race winner Sebastian Vettel, thus finishing in fifth.

In Monaco, Ferrari was unable to do better than 4th in qualifying. Alonso again had a good start, passing Webber for third. After the Safety Car, Alonso, having pitted, found himself some 10 seconds behind leader Vettel, but having new tyres, started to catch Vettel quickly and soon found himself just behind him. Meanwhile, Button, having pitted after Alonso, had tyres in even better shape than the Spaniard, and he too started catching Alonso and Vettel and soon found himself behind Alonso. Alonso would probably have had a great chances to overtake Vettel but Vitaly Petrov had an accident which led to the race being suspended. After the restart, drivers managed to hold their places so Alonso finished 2nd.

In Canada, the hard-braking, low-downforce track made the Ferraris show much better pace in qualifying than before with Alonso and Massa taking 2nd and 3rd, respectively, with Alonso just over tenth behind pole sitter Vettel. However, race conditions were bad and after a bunch of pit stops and a delay of the race Alonso was hit by Button and thus had to retire from the race.

The race in Valencia saw the ban on engine mapping which prevented some teams, especially Red Bull from running extreme engine mapping in qualifying, and thus prevented them being so dominant in qualifying. In the race however, it didn't change much of the Red Bull's race pace so Vettel got away early, while Alonso had to be satisfied with 2nd, which he got after overtaking Webber.

At the British Grand Prix, the FIA introduced another ban, this time on off-throttle blown diffusers, which had been developed to perfection by the Red Bull and McLaren teams. However, Ferrari had not based their car on this technology, so this rule helped Ferrari in particular, but it had major effect on Red Bull cars, because they had to thank the technology for their extraordinary pace, both in qualifying and race. It turned out to be so, when Alonso, on a track that suited Red Bull more than any other track, qualified 3rd, just two tenths behind pole sitter Vettel, with Massa a further six tenths behind Fernando, putting him in fourth. The race however, didn't start that well with rain falling, thus allowing the McLarens, which in the rain had even better pace than Red Bull, to overtake both Massa and Alonso. Soon the track started to dry and drivers were heading to the pits for soft tyres. Vettel's mechanics had problems during his pit stop, allowing Alonso to pass Vettel. With the track almost completely dried, the Ferrari 150° Italia started to show how good race pace it had, of course, with the aid of the ban on off-throttle blown diffusers. Alonso though, exited the pits behind Hamilton, started attacking him aggressively and passed him after a few laps. Although Alonso was in the lead of the race, he continued to push and drive with no mistakes, increasing the lead over Hamilton at a rate of more than a second per lap. Soon he was leading the race with more than 15 seconds ahead of the rest of the field with nobody driving even close to as fast as him. Alonso went on to win the race, with team-mate Massa finishing 5th although he had major problems because debris from another car struck his thus changing car's behaviour.

During the next days, teams agreed to remove the ban on off-throttle blown diffusers. Although it seemed that neither Ferrari nor Sauber teams would agreed because this ban helped them in particular, they didn't want to be the only ones who would insist on keeping the regulations as they were at the moment.

At the German Grand Prix, Alonso qualified 4th. He had a good start, soon passing Vettel for 3rd. He kept that pace and soon found himself not far away from the leaders. Alonso had a better strategy than both Webber and Hamilton and took 1st position at one point, but was soon overtaken by Hamilton because of tyre warm-up problems that the Ferrari 150° Italia had all season long. Alonso managed to keep Webber behind and finished 2nd. Massa finished 5th.

At the Hungarian Grand Prix, Ferrari had a decent pace on super-softs, but Alonso had made a mistake in Q3, which put him in 5th, behind Massa, who qualified 4th. The race started with a wet surface. This meant that all of the drivers started on intermediates. The Ferraris struggled at the start, losing places, but both Alonso and Massa made their way up through the field. Alonso could have had a chance to threaten second placed Vettel, but he spun off and was forced to settle for third. Massa finished 6th.

At the Belgian Grand Prix, mixed conditions in qualifying meant that Massa would start the race from 4th and Alonso from 8th. The start went very well with Alonso taking 5th immediately and Massa moving up to third. As the race progressed, Alonso came closer and passed both Hamilton and team-mate Massa for third. Soon Vettel pitted, and Alonso overtook Rosberg taking the lead at that moment, but when the safety car was deployed, he didn't come to the pits and so had to drive on older tyres than Vettel. Soon he was overtaken by Vettel, and as the race progressed, bad pace on harder tyres meant Alonso losing out 2nd to Webber and then 3rd to Button two laps before the end of the race, finishing 4th at the end.

Complete Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Engine	Tyres	Drivers	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	Points	WCC
2011	Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro	Ferrari 056 V8	P		AUS	MAL	CHN	TUR	ESP	MON	CAN	EUR	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	SIN	JPN	KOR	IND	ABU	BRA	375	3rd
				Alonso	4	6	7	3	5	2	Ret	2	1	2	3	4	3	4	2	5	3	2	4
				Massa	7	5	6	11	Ret	Ret	6	5	5	5	6	8	6	9	7	6	Ret	5	5